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Native(ness), Cohabitation, and Land: An Intersection between Gary Snyder’s Ecopoetics in Turtle Island and Native People’s Ecology in the American Southwest

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This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of Gary Snyder’s poems from Turtle Island as well as essays from his monographs, including The Practice of the Wild and A Place in Space, to examine how these works intersect with Native American ecology. The central focus is on comprehensive ecological perspectives and ecocommunal life, in which humans and nature form a network of interdependence and symbiosis. Furthermore, to establish that Snyder’s poetry and ecopoetics resonate with the cosmos and ecology of Native Americans, particularly the Pueblo and Navajo peoples of the American Southwest, this paper discusses the writings of prominent Pueblo writers such as Simon J. Ortiz and Leslie M. Silko, whose ideas and perspectives are similar to those of Snyder. First, this paper describes the ways in which Snyder’s central ideas of “bioregionalism” and “nativeness” intersect with Native peoples’ sense of place, analyzing poems focused on the images of “Anasazi” and “Coyote.” Second, through analyses of poems centered on the concepts of “people” and “interdependence,” it demonstrates how the oral traditions and hunting rituals of the aforementioned Native peoples critically addresses the contemporary US in terms of environmental degradation, the climate crisis, and the so-called Anthropocene.

Abstract

This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of Gary Snyder’s poems from Turtle Island as well as essays from his monographs, including The Practice of the Wild and A Place in Space, to examine how these works intersect with Native American ecology. The central focus is on comprehensive ecological perspectives and ecocommunal life, in which humans and nature form a network of interdependence and symbiosis. Furthermore, to establish that Snyder’s poetry and ecopoetics resonate with the cosmos and ecology of Native Americans, particularly the Pueblo and Navajo peoples of the American Southwest, this paper discusses the writings of prominent Pueblo writers such as Simon J. Ortiz and Leslie M. Silko, whose ideas and perspectives are similar to those of Snyder. First, this paper describes the ways in which Snyder’s central ideas of “bioregionalism” and “nativeness” intersect with Native peoples’ sense of place, analyzing poems focused on the images of “Anasazi” and “Coyote.” Second, through analyses of poems centered on the concepts of “people” and “interdependence,” it demonstrates how the oral traditions and hunting rituals of the aforementioned Native peoples critically addresses the contemporary US in terms of environmental degradation, the climate crisis, and the so-called Anthropocene.

참고문헌 (22)

  1. Allen, Paula Gunn, "The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology", pp.241~263 (1996), Georgia UP
  2. Elder, John, "Imagining the Earth: Poetry and the Vision of Nature" (1996), Georgia UP
  3. Gray, Timothy, "Gary Snyder and the Pacific Rim: Creating Countercultural Community" (2006), UP of Iowa
  4. Nash, Roderick Frazier, "Wilderness and the American Mind" (2001), Yale UP
  5. Ortiz, Simon J, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Learning from Indigenous Practices for Environmental Sustainability", pp.85~94 (2018), Cambridge UP
  6. Piper Alexis, "Identifying with “The Native” in Anglo-American Environmental Writing: A Rhetorical Study. Doctoral Dissertation", Doctor, pp.2016
  7. Shackleton, Mark, "American Mythologies: Essays on Contemporary Literature", pp.226~242 (2005), Liverpool UP
  8. Silko, Leslie Marmon, "The Remembered Earth", pp.211~216 (1979), Red Earth
  9. Silko, Leslie Marmon, "The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology", pp.264~275 (1996), Georgia UP
  10. Snyder, Gary, "A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds" (1995), Counterpoint
  11. Snyder, Gary, "Back on The Fire: Essays" (2007), Shoemaker & Hoard
  12. Snyder, Gary, "Earth House Hold" (1969), A New Directions Book
  13. Snyder, Gary, "He Who Hunted Birds in His Father’s Village: The Dimensions of a Haida Myth" (1979), Grey Fox Press
  14. Snyder, Gary, "Myths & Texts" (1969), Totem Press
  15. Snyder, Gary, "The Old Ways : Six Essays" (1977), City lights Books
  16. Snyder, Gary, "The Practice of the Wild" (1990), North Point Press
  17. Snyder, Gary, "The Real Work: Interviews and Talks, 1964-1979" (1980), A New Directions Book
  18. Snyder, Gary, "Turtle Island" (1974), A New Directions Book
  19. Tsai, Robin Chen-Hsing, "Gary Snyder’s Poetic Homage to Native American and East Asian Cultures", Neohelicon, 36, pp.421~432 (2009)
  20. Vendler, Helen, "Soul Says: On Recent Poetry" (1995), Harvard UP
  21. Wrighton, John, "Ethics and Politics in Modern American Poetry" (2010), Routledge
  22. Yamazato, Katsunori, "Kitkitdizze, Zendo, and Place: Gary Snyder as a Reinhabitory Poet", ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 1(1), pp.51~63 (1993)

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