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북미 인디언 문화와 게리 스나이더의 지역관과 동물관

North American Indians’ Cultures and Gary Snyder’s Viewpoint of Region and Animals

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The goal of this paper is to examine how Gary Snyder searches for ecological dwelling on Turtle Island, a new name for the North American continent in order to protect nature against environment pollution and ecological disruption. Since 1969 when he returned to California, he has pursued ways to live ecologically on some foothill on Sierra Nevada while researching on aboriginals of several continents, including American Indian cultures and their ways of life. He tries to appreciate the North American continent, not from whiteman’s viewpoint, but from the viewpoint of nature history and American Indians’ point of view. He recognizes that most American Indians thought highly of the place, region where they lived, and of Mother Nature in which they gained food, and of the mutual relationship between human beings and animals in the wilderness and region. He, therefore, insists that modern American culture and its life style must consider old-aged American Indian cultures with ecological wisdom and develop ecological ways of life in the region and mutual relationship with animals in order to dwell on this Turtle Island from one generation to another. (Changwon University)

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to examine how Gary Snyder searches for ecological dwelling on Turtle Island, a new name for the North American continent in order to protect nature against environment pollution and ecological disruption. Since 1969 when he returned to California, he has pursued ways to live ecologically on some foothill on Sierra Nevada while researching on aboriginals of several continents, including American Indian cultures and their ways of life. He tries to appreciate the North American continent, not from whiteman’s viewpoint, but from the viewpoint of nature history and American Indians’ point of view. He recognizes that most American Indians thought highly of the place, region where they lived, and of Mother Nature in which they gained food, and of the mutual relationship between human beings and animals in the wilderness and region. He, therefore, insists that modern American culture and its life style must consider old-aged American Indian cultures with ecological wisdom and develop ecological ways of life in the region and mutual relationship with animals in order to dwell on this Turtle Island from one generation to another. (Changwon University)

참고문헌 (21)

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  2. 짐머맨, "북아메리카원주민" (2001), 창해
  3. Snyder, Gary, "Riprap & Cold Mountain Poems" (1959), Four Seasons Foundations
  4. Snyder, Gary, "Myths & Texts" (1960), A New Directions Book
  5. Snyder, Gary, "Earth House Hold" (1969), A New Directions Book
  6. Snyder, Gary, "Regarding Wave" (1970), A New Directions Book
  7. Snyder, Gary, "Turtle Island" (1974), A New Directions Book
  8. Snyder, Gary, "The Real Work: Interviews & Talks, 1964-1979" (1979), A New Directions Book
  9. Snyder, Gary, "Axe Handles" (1983), North Point Press
  10. Snyder, Gary, "The Practice of the Wild" (1990), North Point Press
  11. Snyder, Gary, "A Place in Space" (1995), Counterpoint
  12. Snyder, Gary, "Back on the Fire" (2007), Counterpoint
  13. Allen, Paula Gunn, "The Sacred Hoop: A Contemporary Perspective, in : The Ecocriticism Reader. Ed. Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm" (1996), The University of Georgia
  14. Castro, Michael, "Gary Snyder: The Lesson of Turtle Island, in : Critical Essays on Gary Snyder", pp.131~143 (1990), G. K. Hall & Co.
  15. Devall, Bill, "Deep Ecology" (1985), Peregrine Smith Books
  16. Halper, Jon, "Gary Snyder: Dimensions of A Life" (1991), Sierra Club Books
  17. Murphy, Patrick D., "Understanding Gary Snyder" (1992), University of South Carolina
  18. Nordstrom, Lars, "Theodore. William Stafford, and Gary Snyder: The Cological Metaphor as Transformed Regionalism" (1989), Almqvist & Wiksell International
  19. Silko,Leslie Marmon, "Landscape, History, and the Pueblo Imagination, in : The Ecocriticism Reader. Ed. Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm" (1996), The University of Georgia
  20. Steuding, Bob, "Gary Snyder" (1976), Twayne
  21. Tsai, Robin Chen-Hsing, "Gary Snyder’s poetic homage to Native American and East Asian cultures", Neohelicon, 36, pp.421~432 (2009), Akademiai Kiado

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