2006년 서울 시장선거 후보 TV토론회 캠페인 담론 분석 －베노이트의 기능이론을 중심으로
Political Discourse Analysis in the 2006 Seoul Mayoral Debates
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본 연구는 2006년 서울 시장선거 후보 TV 토론회의 정치적 담론을 내용 분석하였다. 서구, 특히나 미국의 대통령 선거를 중심으로 오랫동안 축적되어 온 정치적 담론의 기능이론과 관련한 이전의 연구결과들이 미국이 아닌 한국에서 그리고 대통령 선거 토론회가 아닌 시장 선거 토론회라는 정치적 담론의 공간상에서 적용되어 지는지를 연구하였다. 이전 미국 대통령 선거토론회의 연구 결과들과 유사하게 서울 시장 후보들의 토론회에서는 주장이 가장 활발했고 그 다음으로 공격과 방어의 담론이 빈도 측면에서 뒤따랐다. 후보들은 인물 보다는 정책 중심의 메시지를 더 빈번하게 토론하였다. 당시 서울시장 관련 집권당인 한나라당의 오세훈 후보는 과거 행동을 묘사할 때 주로 긍정적인 주장을 펼친 반면, 도전자인 상대 후보들은 공격의 토대로써 과거 행동을 주로 부정적으로 묘사했다. 이상(ideal)의 담론 빈도에 있어서 다소 예외가 있었다 할지라도 후보들은 대체로 일반 목표와 이상을 토론할 때 공격 보다는 긍정적인 주장의 기능적 담론을 합리적으로 선택했다. 이러한 결과들은 이전의 기능이론 연구의 결과들과 거의 같았다. 즉, 비 미국 비 대통령 선거 토론회인 한국 서울시장 선거 후보토론회라는 정치 커뮤니케이션 영역으로 기능이론의 이론적 적용 범위의 확장이 관찰되었다. 한편, 본 연구는 기능적 담론에 있어 기존 미국 중심의 연구결과들과 다른 몇 가지 차이점을 또한 동시에 발견하였다. 저자들은 미국의 양당 체제와 다른 다당 시스템과 연임을 허용치 않는 단임제 등의 한국적 정치 체계의 특수성을 그 차이점들에 대한 가능한 이유로 주목하였다.
Abstract
This study content-analyzed the political discourse in the 2006 South Korean Seoul mayoral debates to answer whether previous findings from functional theory on political debates could be applied to a new political domain: non-U.S. and non-presidential debates. Consistently with the previous findings, South Korean candidates acclaimed most often, followed by attacks and defenses. They showed clear preference of policy utterance rather than character. The incumbent party candidate mainly discussed past deeds for acclaims, while challengers often utilized past deeds as sources of attacks. Candidates discussed general goals and ideals for acclaims rather than attacks (with the exceptions of some candidates in ideals). In the big picture of the theoretical extension, some unique details were also found. This study noted South Korean political systems, multi-party system and allowing the only single term, as possible reasons for the unique findings.
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