老子 『道德經』에 나타난 문학생태학적 이론 요소의 고찰

Abstract

Ecology is the study of the relation of plants and living creatures(animals and people) to each other and to their environment, and the balances between these relationships. The ecology has been at the center of public concerns, the future of mankind depends on success in reacting to the protection of the natural environment. So the ecology rejects the conventional thinking of material civilization. The literary-ecology, this term is not yet on the list of encyclopedia. Its main object is that through the literature raising an issue of environmental protection. Early China`s Zhou(周) dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period(春秋時期, 770~476 B.C.) Confucius(孔子) stressed the necessity of human knowledge and civilization of mankind, and Lao-zi(老子)`s Taoism objected that the true meaning of heaven and earth is the Tao(道), a characteristic of letting nature be(無爲自然). Inaction(無爲), by inaction there is nothing that cannot be done(無爲而無不爲), govern by noninterference(無爲而治), these are basic and key concepts in Taoism and Ecology. This concepts are applicable to Lao-zi`s comments on literature. Lao-zi said “名可名非常名”, it means that speech is not the full expression of ideas.(言不盡意). Originally speech or words can not completely express what the sage implies between lines or the original state of the universe. Thus ‘not say a word(不言)’ is the essential element of Lao-zi`s comments on literature, also means a kind of mysticism and nihilism. Inaction(無爲) is a the principal component in reacting to the protection of the natural environment, and ironically ‘not say a word(不言)’ guarantees the abundant literary imagination. So Lao-zi`s comments have been a primary tradition in Chinese poems and songs, and had a significant effect on creative writing and appreciative criticism.