주변부에서 중심으로 : 터키문학의 재인식

Abstract

Starting from the Tanzimat period, the Turkish literature began to perceive Western literature and continuously has changed upon adoption and imitation of the Western literature. Modern Turkish authors now write in a new style, different from the past novels where the stories developed chronologically. Nowadays, the authors publish their pieces of work that are acknowledged worldwide by using a wide variety of techniques such as Modernism and Post-Modernism. Among these authors, the globally renowned author Aziz Nesin harshly criticizes the irrationality, corrupt customs, and social abuses that are prevalent throughout the society with a satire. And yet, along with his criticisms, the success of his literature can be attributed to the humor and jokes he scattered around his novels allowing readers to enjoy the reading. Likewise, his works are not limited to a specific and privileged class but instead became a sensational literature granting the availability of his works to the commons and children. These characteristics acted as important factors in making him a globally famous author. Yasar Kemal mainly develops his novels in an epical style that deals with sincere life stories of farmers on the basis of Turkish legends and folk-tales. Such characteristic is a general subject matter that can easily be seen in most literature throughout the world. In most of his novels, Yasar Kemal depicts the atrocities of real life with lyricism, but his intention was to describe the resistance against the social system and his endeavor to understand the pain felt by the poor and the neglected. The internationality of Yasar Kemal's novels is that they deal with the miserable life of the Turkish country side as well as silently implying the violation of human rights along with the violation of human dignity are not only limited to Turkey, but around the world as well. Orhan Pamuk, the first in Turkish literature history to receive the Nobel Prize, deals with a variety of issues such as the conflict between the Eastern and the Western culture, identity problems, and search for one's ego with new forms and techniques. He has been appraised for successfully reflecting his own techniques on to his novels using the Turkish history as his subject matter. It can be said that the characteristics of his novels include his deep understanding and adoption of Western literature as well as his retainment of the identity of Istanbul,Turkey. Pamuk'snovels are attractive because they maintain great fame within public, regardless of them being at the center of controversies. Authors live in the society and the culture they are included and through this, they live on exploring the outside world. However, what is inside is the most important. With this, the authors can reveal everything they possess in their sincere novels. A rough definition of world literature is that it is not about reaching an idea that already exists, but instead a means to expand sympathy and to inform the readers around the world about the cultures being neglected or lacking attention. Korea’s literary world still deals with autobiographies and conflicts caused by ideologies. However, world literature has already put away these types of arguments aside and has set skepticism about the truth, re-illustrating the history, problems in the multi-cultural society, and economic breakdown as its theme. Aziz Nesin, Yasar Kemal, and Orhan Pamuk have written novels that possess the aforementioned characteristics or still are actively releasing new novels.