『잉카제왕기』에 수록된 잉카 신화 읽기

Abstract

Mythology contains the groups’ generalized thinking system apprehended through common experiences of the transmission groups; therefore, it has a close association with the groups’ tradition, usage, customs, faith, and more. Additionally, even though mythologies, since they are orally-transmitted, evolve into new forms while their archetypes transforming or becoming extinct, or deriving or gaining additions due to the groups’ new experiences and/or the periods’ consciousness within historical time; there are no changes in their archetypical essence. Therefore, it can be said that the current-existing mythologies are embracing the groups’ diachronic and synchronic consciousness system, and this is precisely the cultural consciousness of the groups. This research was committed to extract the Incan archetypical cultural consciousness contained in mythological discourses, among mythological tales transmitted from the Inca Empire which is one of the top three cultural areas of Central and South America during the Classical Periods—centering on mythologies collected in 『Comentarios Reales de los Incas』, the representative historical archive of Inca. In Chapter II, this research examined the origin of Inca. And discourses on the viewpoints of religion and the world of the Incans expressed in texts were summarized. In Chapter III, Inca’s founding mythologies that were written in texts were categorized by their transmission areas and analyzed. In the orally-transmitted founding mythology of the Cuzco areas, the meaning of godhood that the Incan emperors, who were succeeded by oldest son’s succession to the throne, came to have from the birth of Manco Capac, the son of the Sun god, who sat as the founding forefather of the Incas and the meaning of clemency that the Sun god would like to give to the human world through his descendents were understood. In the orally-transmitted founding mythology of the eastern and northern areas, the process and meaning of Manco Capac, who was equipped with the utmost godhood, sitting as the forefather of Incas and the legitimacy of conquest were studied. In the orally-transmitted founding mythology of the western and southern areas, the influence of Christianity on the recording process of mythology and the legitimacy of the conquest of natives in the Cuzco Valley were examined. In Chapter IV, the Incans’ archetypical thinking system was contemplated based on the symbolism that is contained in those mythological discourses and meanings of the 『Comentarios Reales de los Incas』, which understood through Chapter II, III, and IV.