근대 일본사회의 ‘장해자’ 인식에 관한 고찰 — 메이지 시대의 장해자 교육를 중심으로 —

Abstract

When defining the subaltern in Japanese society as people who are socially, politically and culturally marginalized, or subordinate classes and subordinates who are subordinate to the ruling group, the target groups and classes are Burakumin, women(Prostitutes), the disabled, the sick, the elderly, disaster victims, atomic bomb victims, Ainu, Okinawans, Koreans in Japan, comfort women for the Japanese military, vagrants, and many other subalterns still exist in Japanese society. This paper will focus on the recognition and discrimination of persons with disabilities as subaltons in modern Japanese society, and on the process of forming a modern nation-state promoted by the new Meiji government. This paper examines how people with disabilities were recognized and discriminated against in modern Japanese society, focusing on education for the disabled in the Meiji period. Specifically, through an analysis of the educational system for persons with disabilities, I consider the problems of the “citizens” and persons with disabilities in the modern nation-state that the new Meiji government aimed for.