메이지시대 일본의 울릉도·독도 정책

Abstract

1) In 1876, inspired by Choseon opening policy by virtue of Japan and acquisition of Ogasawara islands territory, Japanese had opportunity to expand the activity to the Ullenungdo island and its sea where Japan had stopped fishing activity around the sea for hundreds years after ‘One Takeshima(Ulleungdo) Dispute(竹島一件)’. Shimane Ken of Japan submitted a request document about the listing Takeshima(now Ulleungdo) on the map to the Ministry of Domestic Affairs facing the map production schedule, and ruling family of Shimane Ken Mr.Toda Takayoshi(戶田敬義) submitted a petition for ‘Sailing to Takeshima(Ulleungdo)’ to Tokyo Government. Also, Mr. Muto Heigaku(武藤平學) who engaged in trade biusiness at Russia Vladivostok suggested a report about the intention of cultivation for new island he founded ‘Matsushima(松島)’ to Japan MOFA, and soon Mr. Saito Shichirohei(齋藤七郎兵衛) submitted a petition for ‘Matzushima Cultivation’, which was deeply related to the Japanese official of commercial department Mr. Sewaki Hisato(瀨脇壽人). 2) Prime Ministry of Japan ordered to exclude Takeshima(Ulleungdo) from Japanese map production process because the island was Choseon territory and didn't accepted the petition of Mr. Toda Takayoshi(戶田敬義) for Takeshima(Ulleungdo) sailing, which means Matzushima was recognized as same island with Takeshima(Ulleungdo) by Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. But Japan could not abandon the thought of cultivation of the island on the basis of dispute for two names of ‘Matzushima(松島)’. After serious discussion, Japan had to admit the name ‘Matzushima(松島)’ was another name of ‘Takeshima(Ulleungdo;竹島)’. However, Japan named ‘Takeshima(竹島; Ulleungdo)’ as ‘Matzushima(松島)’ because ‘Takeshima(Ulleungdo;竹島) was definitely cleared as Choseon territory at the ‘One Takeshima(Ulleungdo) Dispute’. So, Japan named again a vague ‘Matzushima(松島)’ to Ulleungdo and Takeshima(竹島) name to Dokdo. 3) The procedure of debate during 1876~1877 in Japan MOFA on ‘Matzushima(松島)’ cultivation induced a theoretical foundation of method for territory acquisition. In the process, the logic of proof for distance in the process of territory acquisition, and the Head of Japan MOFA Public Division Mr. Tanabe Taiichi(田邊太一) who engaged in the Ogasawara islands territory acquisition activity suggested a method to cultivate the ‘Matzushima(松島)’ proving ‘ownerless’ at any proper opportunity. Mr. Kitazawa Deisei(北澤正誠) who reviewed the discussion procedure discoursed a logic of ‘vacant island policy’ which means ‘acquisition of ownership for the wasted land’ in the paper 『Takeshima Report(竹島考證)』(1882) which was edited by Japan MOFA Order. The logic of ‘Proof of ownerless’ in 1876 by Mr. Tanabe Taiichi(田邊太一) and Mr. Kitazawa Deisei(北澤正誠)'s logic of ‘acquisition of ownership for the wasted land’ for the ‘theory of prior acquisition of ownerless land’ were adopted to the acquisition of Minami Dorishima(南鳥島) and Takeshima(Dokdo).