국립중앙도서관 소장 「淸太宗詔諭」에 대하여

Abstract

The National Library of Korea houses a group of documents sent to Joseon by Qing, and they are called 「Qingtaizongzhaoyu」. Consisting of total eight documents, they were official diplomatic documents issued in the name of Emperor of Qing. There are only a few of such documents remaining in South Korea today. The documents issued during the years of Chongde 崇德 especially reveal the last aspects of the second Manchu invasion of Korea in 1636, thus hold special significance of making Korean people feel various emotions of remorse. Those documents also hold significant values as part of the few remaining documents with the Imperial Seal called ‘Zhigaozhibao 制誥之寶,’ which was the Chuanguoxi 傳國璽 of Yuan that Hongtaiji used as a pretext for establishing Qing. I compared the contents of documents issued during the years of Chongde with that of 『Qingtaizongshilu 淸太宗實錄』 and found that there were many revisions of historical materials of early Qing in the process of repairing and proofreading 『Qingtaizongshilu』 during the years of Kangxi. It seems that they reflected the situation of Qing Dynasty getting accustomed to the Confucian political culture. The study also compared the documents issued during the years of Chongde with those during the years of Kangxi and found that they used ‘Zhigaozhibao’, ‘Huangdizhibao 皇帝之寶’, and ‘Chimingzhibao 勅命之寶’ of the Man-Han bilingual version of Imperial Seals for Gaoming 誥命, Zhaoyu 詔諭, and Chiyu 勅諭, respectively, based on the discoveries that the letters used in documents and Imperial Seals were changed from the Chinese during the years of Chongde to the Man-Han bilingual version during the years of Kangxi and that ‘Zhigaozhibao’ in Chinese was used indiscriminately in Cewen 冊文, Zhaoyu, and Gaoming. Those changes seem to have started in the early days of Shunzhi 順治 right after entering Shanhai pass 山海關, reflecting the process of Qing forming its identity and the changing process of model examples of documentation being set. Considering that the documents reviewed in the study were prepared in the diplomatic relations between Qing and Joseon, the shift of letters used in documents and Imperial Seals from the Chinese during the years of Chongde to the Man-Han bilingual version after entering Shanhai pass seems to reflect the process of Qing forming its identity and the changing positions of Qing in recognizing Joseon in a complex manner. It is difficult to check those facts without reviewing actual document materials, which proposes the significance of excavating and investigating actual document materials.