국내 소장 滿文 文書 소개

Abstract

This article is to introduce the Manchu script documents that I have found in Korea. Considering the fact that Joseon and Qing dynasty established tribute-investiture diplomatic relations and frequently exchanged diplomatic notes, it is natural to assume that there are still in Korea a great deal of Manchu script documents that had been sent from the Qing dynasty. However, through a field investigation, I found that there remained little collection of Manchu script diplomatic notes in Korea. The National Museum of Korea possesses two Biaowen 表文 which kings of Joseon sent to emperors of the Qing dynasty. These documents are the translation of the original Chinese documents into Manchu that were completed and attached to the original documents by the Qing government. They provide precious information about the process in which the Qing government translated diplomatic notes written in Chinese into Manchu. Kyujanggak 奎章閣 Institute for Korean Studies of Seoul National University possesses a Imperial Edict, Chiyu 勅諭 which was issued to announce the demise of the queen of the Emperor Kangxi. Jangseogak 藏書閣 Archives of the Academy of Korean Studies holds seven imperial documents (three written appointments, i.e, Gaoming 誥命, included) that were issued to install Korean King and Crown Prince. These documents are mostly related to King Yeongjo 英祖, and previously they had been held by Yuksanggung 毓祥宮, which is a shrine where the spirit tablet of King Yeongjo’s mother have been served. I suggest this is how these documents have been preserved. That is, they remained intact because they had been kept in Yuksanggung separatedly from other diplomatic documents. The National Library of Korea and the Museum of the Catholic University of Daegu hold four appointment documents that were sent to bestow official ranks to Tung ši moo 佟時茂 and Hailanca 海蘭察 and their parents and wives by the Emperor of the Qing dynasty. I believe that we need further study about Tung ši moo and Hailanca because their records are scattered in China and Taiwan. In addition, the Library of Seoul National University possesses 33 letters of memorial rites that were held by the Qing imperial household (1908~1910). These documents are interesting in that they cover the memorial rites in the last years of the Qing dynasty and help us understand the ritual of the rite. Finally, the Library of Korea University possesses an examination paper that is related to the civil service examination for official interpreters. This document is important in that it shows the characteristics of foreign language education in the Joseon dynasty.