17세기 초 얼스터 플랜테이션의 배경 - 런던데리(Londonderry)를 중심으로 -
The Background of the Plantation of Ulster in the Early 17th Century - Focusing on Londonderry -
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헨리 8세 이후 튜더 군주들은 얼스터에 자신들의 지배권을 확립하기 위해 얼스터의 친족장들을 봉건신하로 만들거나 잉글랜드 국교를 정착시키는 방법을 사용했다. 그러나 오랫동안 얼스터의 토지와 사람들을 지배해 온 친족장들은 잉글랜드 왕들의 간섭에 반발했고 이런 갈등 속에서 얼스터에는 오랫동안 전쟁이 지속되었다. 특히 엘리자베스의 통치에 반발해 얼스터의 가장 강력한 친족장 오닐을 중심으로 일어났던 9년 전쟁은 그 대표적인 경우였다. 하지만 전쟁은 잉글랜드의 승리로 끝이 났고 오닐과 얼스터의 많은 지도자들은 유럽으로 망명했다. 그리고 그들의 토지에 대한 처리는 여왕 사후 왕위를 물려받은 제임스 1세에게 맡겨졌다. 제임스는 자신이 “거대한 반란의 온상”이라 언급했던 얼스터를 잉글랜드와 스코틀랜드인들의 대규모 식민을 통해 변화시키고자 했다. 그 식민계획 과정에서 부각된 도시가 바로 데리(런던데리)였다. 이 논문은 얼스터의 많은 도시들 중 데리가 어떤 이유로 플랜테이션의 가장 중심지로 선택되었는가를 대부분의 연구가 집중된 1609년 전후가 아니라 그 이전의 배경에서부터 살펴보려는 목적을 가지고 있다.
Abstract
After Henry Ⅷ(1491-1547), the wars lasted for many years between the monarchs of Tudor and the chieftains of Ulster because of the English dominance in Ulster. The most representative war was the Nine Year’s War(1594-1603) that prompted by Hugh O’Neill of Tyrone(1550-1616) in the Elizabethan age. As a result of the war, the most leading figures of Ulster with Hugh O’Neill fled to the Continent. And James Ⅰ(1603-1625), the successor of Elizabeth Ⅰ, took over their territory. James Ⅰ wanted to change Ulster, the center of rebellion through plantation of royal the Scottish and the English. The aim this research is to examine the background of the plantation of Ulster focusing on Londonderry in the Early 17th Century.
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