얼스터(Ulster) 식민과 스코틀랜드인의 이주
The Ulster Plantation and the migration of the Scots
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이 연구의 목적은 17세기 초 아일랜드 얼스터 식민에서 왜 스코틀랜드인들이 잉글랜드인들보다 주도적이었는가를 국왕 제임스 1세의 게일릭 정책과 스코틀랜드인들의 식민경험 그리고 사회경제적 상황 속에서 파악하고자 한 것이다. 얼스터는 게일릭 문화가 강한 지역이었지만 제임스 1세는 이를 식민을 통한 통치보다는 귀족을 통한 통치지역으로 간주하였다. 그러나 얼스터의 경우는 ‘백작들의 도피’라는 갑작스러운 사건으로 불가피하게 식민을 통한 통지로 변경할 수밖에 없었다. 이러한 급격한 정책변화는 스코틀랜드인들의 경험을 필요로 하게 만들었다. 16세기 말 스코틀랜드의 게일릭 지역에 대한 제임스의 정책은 성공하기도 하였고, 실패하기도 하였지만 이는 제임스와 스코틀랜드 귀족들에게는 소중한 경험이 되었고, 얼스터 식민에서 크게 이용되었다. 그리고 17세기 초 스코틀랜드인들의 사회 경제적 상황과 게일릭 문화에 대한 경험은 얼스터 식민에서 그들의 참여를 더욱 적극적으로 그리고 용이하게 만들었다. 결국 제임스의 입장에서 보면, 17세기 초 스코틀랜드 귀족들과 서남부 주민들은 얼스터 식민을 위해 준비된 사람들이었다.
Abstract
The aim of this research is to examine the background of the Ulster plantation in terms of King James I's ruling principle, the Scottish experience of the Gaelic culture, and the social and economic background of Scotland in the early 17th century. James I considered the nobility as the main partner in the ruling of Gaelic society and the Scottish highlands. The policy of plantation, for James, was an alternative and final approach for his unruly subjects, as adopted in the policy for the outer hebrides. James did not regard Ulster as a region of plantation until the Flight of the Earls made the king's main approach impossible to be implemented. The Scottish experience was so much valued in the process of the Ulster plantation. Many Scottish nobles with gaelic experience were given crucial roles in the Ulster plantation. The migration of many Scots from the south-western regions of Scotland to Ulster was encouraged not just by the Scottish experience to the Gaelic world, but also by the Scottish social and economic background in the early 17th century. James I and the Scots in the early 17th century desperately needed each other for the plantation of Ulster.
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