현대 형이상학에서 아리스토텔레스적 본질주의의 귀환
The Return of Aristotelian Essentialism in Contemporary Metaphysics
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아리스토텔레스적 본질주의는 근대 과학의 도래 이래 담당하고 있었던 많은 이론적 역할을 상실하게 되지만, 정체성의 형이상학에서의 역할은 여전히 유효한 것으로 남아 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 분석적 전통의 현대 철학에서 아리스토텔레스적 본질주의는 20세기 중반 이후에서야 학적 논의의 장으로 들어오게 된다. 이 논문은 아리스토텔레스적 본질주의의 진입을 어렵게 한 요소는 무엇이고 그것이 어떻게 극복되었는지 살펴보고, 아리스토텔레스적 본질주의에 대한 이해를 심화시킨 본질 개념에 대한 최근의 논의를 검토함으로써, 아리스토텔레스적 본질주의가 현대 형이상학에 귀환하게 된 과정을 이론적 동기를 중심으로 추적한다. 논문의 마지막에는 현대 형이상학에서 논의되고 있는 본질주의가 사실 아리스토텔레스적이지 않다는 이영환의 논의를 비판적으로 검토한다.
Abstract
While Aristotelian essentialism lost much of its theoretical force in natural philosophy with the advent of modern science, its explanatory role in metaphysics – particularly in the metaphysics of identity – has never been equally questioned. Nonetheless it is only after the mid-twentieth century that philosophers began to take Aristotelian essentialism seriously. This paper examines how Aristotelian essentialism has reemerged and readmitted in contemporary philosophy, considering what obstacles philosophers faced in admitting Aristotelian essentialism in their context, how they were resolved, and how the studies of essence have developed thus far. In the paper, I also makes a critical review of Professor Yung-hwan Lee’s claim that so-called Aristotelian essentialism admitted in contemporary philosophy is not Aristotelian.
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