아리스토텔레스의 논증적 탐구에서 존재와 정의 및 본질 (I)
Aristotle's Demonstrative Science and its Scientific Explanation
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아리스토텔레스의 논증적 탐구에서 존재와 정의 및 본질 (I)(Being, definition and essence in Aristotle's demonstrative inquiries (I) )
Abstract
The things we seek are equal in number to those we understand. We seek four things: the fact(hoti), the reason why(dioti), if something is(ei esti), what something is(ti esti).(APo., B1 89b23-5). When we know the fact and if something is, we seek the reason why and what something. The object of our knowledge is aitia or explanatory grounds. Eventually it results that in all our searches we seek either if there a middle or what the middle is. For the middle term is the explanation.(B2 90a7-8). The distinction between knowledge of the fact(or if something is) and knowledge of the reason why(or ti esti) is basic to Aristotle's theory of scientific explanation. The criteria for grounds are priority of the account, Priority of what is better known. But principles are not just prior to the conclusions, they are primary(prota, A2 71b21). Our scientific knowledge require aitia(grounds) but Aristotle describes aitia of aitia(principles) as "ungrounded grounds".