복합 운동 프로그램이 초등학생의 기초체력, 뇌 신경영양인자 및 작업기억에미치는 영향
The effects of combined exercise on basic physical fitness, neurotrophic factors and working memory of elementary students
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본 연구는 성장기 아동을 대상으로 12주간의 태권도 기반 복합운동 프로그램이 기초체력, 뇌 신경영양인자 그리고 작업기억에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 초등학교 5학년 남학생으로 과거에 특별한 병력이 없고 현재 건강하며 신체 및 정서발달장애가 없는 초등학생 총 30명을 선정하였다. 집단 구분은 복합 운동 집단(Complex training group) 15명과 비교 집단(Control group) 15명으로 구분하였다. 태권도 동작을 기본으로 복합 운동 프로그램을 구성하고 운동 빈도는 주 5회, 운동시간은 총 60분으로 구성하였다. 이에 따른 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 12주간의 복합운동 프로그램은 비교집단에 비해 복합 운동 집단에서 근지구력, 심폐지구력, 순발력, 민첩성, 유연성과 같은 기초체력의 향상을 가져왔다. 둘째, 뇌 신경영양성 인자인 BDNF의 경우, 비교집단에 비해 복합운동 집단에서 증가하는 경향은 있었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. NGF의 경우, 비교집단에 비해 복합 운동 집단에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 작업기억은 비교집단과 복합운동 집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결론과 같이, 성장기 아동을 대상으로 실시한 12주간의 복합운동 프로그램을 통해 기초체력이 향상되고, NGF의 농도가 증가되었지만, BDNF와 작업기억의 향상에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 따라서 단순한 동작이 반복적으로 일어나는 운동 프로그램보다는 학습이라는 과제가 포함된 운동 프로그램을 적용하는 것이 성장기 아동에게 있어 실질적인 뇌 기능 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of Taekwondo-based combined exercise program for 12 weeks being aimed at growing children on basal physical fitness, neurotrophic factor, and working memory. METHODS: A total of 30 5th grade male students in elementary school, who had no special past medical history and physical and/or emotional developmental disability and were healthy at the time, were selected for the study. The study groups were divided into a combined exercise group (CEG, n=15) and a control group (CG, n=15). The combined exercise program was consisted of Taekwondo movement as a basic program, and training frequency was 5 times weekly, of which training time was a total of 60 minutes each time. RESULTS: First, the complex training program for 12 weeks resulted in the improvements of basal physical fitness in the combined exercise group comparing with the control group, such as muscle endurance, cardiopulmonary endurance, improvisation, agility and flexibility. Second, in the case of BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, although there was an increasing trend in the combined exercise group comparing with the control group, no statistically significant difference between them. In the case of NGF, it was shown that there was a statistically significant increase in the combined exercise group comparing with the control group. Third, in the working memory, there was no statistically significant difference between the combined exercise group and the control group. As shown above, while the basal physical fitness was improved and the concentration of NGF increased through the combined exercise program for 12 weeks being aimed at growing children, this program didn't have an impact on the improvement of BDNF and working memory. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it is considered that the applying training program including a learning task rather than the training program occurring simple movements repeatedly is practically helpful to enhance the brain function in growing children.
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