신체상(Body Image) 척도 개발 연구
Development and Validation of Body Image Questionnaire for Children
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초록
이 연구는 어린이 신체상 평가를 위한 실용적 측정도구 개발을 목표로 다차원 신체상 구조를 바탕으로 초등학생 신체상의 요인구조를 밝히고, 요인을 수렴하는 측정문항을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 탐색적, 확인적 방법에 근거한 척도개발을 위하여 각 연구대상으로 331명, 321명의 초등학생을 8개 초등학교에서 각각 표집하였다. Sophie와 Marita의 연구에서 제안된 4구성 개념 모형을 근거로 우리나라 초등학생의 생태적 환경에 적합한 문항개발을 목표로 46개 예비문항 가운데 모형의 적합성을 만족하는 2개 요인을 수렴하는 7개 문항을 선정하였다. 확인된 신체상 구성개념의 구조는 정서적, 행동적 차원을 반영한 ‘체형평가’와 ‘외모관리’ 2요인으로 확인되었다. 검사지는 남학생 여학생에게 공용으로 적용될 수 있다. 구안된 검사지는 초등학생의 신체와 신체에 대한 교육 및 연구 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 현장에서 어린이 청소년들의 체력, 건강행동의 지도에 실제로 적용이 가능 할 것이다.
Abstract
Although the literature on prevalence of body image concern is increasing, researchers have yet to explore the developing scale and questionnaire for children. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure body image for Korean elementary school children. Data were collected in pilot and final stage of the study that for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In pilot study, 46 items based on previous studies and open-ended questionnaire were developed. It was reduced to 7 items through the exploratory study including two body image construct representing affective and behavioral dimensions. Confirmatory factor analysis were used with the validation samples to modify the measurement model underlying the questionnaire. The final results were 2 factors(appearance evaluation or general body dissatisfaction and behavioral investment), 7-items model with acceptable fit(=.000, Q=3.57, GFI=.95, CFI=.94, RMR=.081, RMSEA=.09) in the validation group. Discriminant evidence of construct validity was obtained by comparing the gender differences in scale and figure rating index. In conclusion, body image questionnaire for Korean children was reliable and verified. These results were discussed in terms of related review and psychometric characteristics.
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