결혼이주가 이주자 출신 마을에 미친 영향과 젠더 관계의 변화: 베트남 메콩델타 농촌의 사례
The Social Influences of Transnational Marriage Migration on the Sending Community: Case Study of a Mekong Village in Vietnam
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이 논문은 결혼이주가 출신 지역 마을의 사회적 관계에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 베트남 남부 메콩의 마을에서 여성의 국제결혼이주는 가족 내 역할의 변화와 젠더관계 변화의 주요 요인이 되었다. 특히 송금이 이주한 딸의 지위와 권력의 상승에 영향을 미쳤다. 마을의 젊은 여성은 국내와 해외 모두 배우자의 선택 기회가 증가되었고딸을 가진 가족들에게 지방의 결혼 거래에서 협상능력을 강화시켜주었다. 대조적으로 젊은 남성은 특히, 가난하고 실업상태여서 혼인시장에서 가치가 낮은 것으로 평가되는 남성의 경우 결혼이주 현상탓에 스스로 불이익을 받고 있으며 결혼이주를 부정적인 것으로 경험하고 인식하고 있었다. 대체적으로 국제이주가 젠더 균형성에 변화를 초래하는 등 중요한 사회적 변화의 요인으로 작용하고 있음이분명하다. 즉, 국제결혼이주가 기존의 젠더와 권력관계를 재구성하는 요소가 된다.
Abstract
The rapid increase in cross-border marriages between Vietnamesewomen and men from Taiwan and Korea is creating a new internationalmigration wave of marriage migrants in the region. This study exploreshow marriage migration impacts on power relations, in particular, genderrelations in a village of Mekong delta in Vietnam. Interpretations of fieldresearch data collected mainly in August-September 2012 and June 2013,indicate changes in the status of daughters and sons and a significanttransformation of the marriage market. Emigrant daughters couldenhance their status and power, mostly through sending remittances. Withthe enlargement of emigrant daughters' role of decision making forvarious domestic affairs, not a few villagers expressed an increasedpreference for having girls rather than boys. Young village women andtheir families can have more bargaining power in marriage market thanbefore. On the contrary, single men experienced many difficulties ingetting married in the village due to the perceived greater value of foreign men, higher bride-prices and a shortage of potential brides. Consequently,marriage migration has contributed to significant social transformationswith respect to gender and power relations.
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