저개발 국가로부터의 여성결혼이주와 결혼중개업체의 특성
The Characteristics of Marriage Agencies in the Marriage Migration from Developing Countries into Korea
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초록
한국사회에서의 저개발국가로부터의 결혼이주자의 증가는 ‘아래로부터의 세계화’과정으로, 다문화적 사회로 변화하는 계기가 된다. 본 논문에서는 국제결혼이주를 초국가주의의 틀 속에서 논의하고 국제결혼중개업체를 국제결혼을 야기하는 행위자로서 이해하여 그 공간적 메커니즘과 특성을 파악하였다. 한국에서 국제결혼이주는 국제결혼중개업체를 통해 대형화 집단화되어 발생하는 특성을 가지며, 국제결혼업체의 대부분은 영세한 규모와 불안정한 영업활동을 보인다. 고객층은 주로 농촌중심에서 도시중심으로 변화하며, 결혼이주자의 출신국은 베트남 중국 등의 특정국가에 편중된 경향이 나타난다. 국제결혼중개업체간의 협력네트워크는 소수의 대도시에 집중하는 느슨한 수준의 협력형태를 보인다. 국제결혼중개업체를 통한 결혼이주과정에서 합법성이 핵심이슈이며, 장기적이고 체계적인 정부차원에서의 정책이 필요하다.
Abstract
The recent growth of marriage migrants from developing counties would be understood in relation to the globalization process from below, as a milestone towards multi-cultural society in Korea. This paper discussed the transmigrant issues, especially marriage migrants from developing countries in Asia, in the theoretical framework of transnationalism. Also it focused on the role of marriage agencies (intermediaries) as an actor in creating spatial networking mechanism in the migration process. While marriage migration shows large scale collective tendencies, marriage agencies are exposed to small and unstable business environment after interviewing with selected 90 agencies. Regardless of a recent shift from rural toward urban customers, a few countries including Vietnam and China are major sending countries. The transnational-firm networks reveal the loose horizontal relationship over major large cities internationally. The legality is a key issue in the transmigration process so that long term and systematic management from the government would be needed in both sending and receiving countries.
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