조선시대 관문서 關의 기원과 수용-행이체계를 중심으로-

Abstract

This paper examines when is the first time the Gwan(關), one of the official documents of Joseon period(朝鮮), was used in China and how it has changed with dynastic changes,and then how it was accepted into Joseon focusing on Official-Documents System. Chapter 2 focuses on the change of Official-Documents System that had appeared over the course of several Dynasty. Gwan has its origins in Sang-Hang documents(上行文書)which was submitted to the Crown Prince, who is the Counsellor of State in the official residence in 499 years liu song(劉宋). Thereafter, there has been a great change during Dand(唐) and Song(宋) that Gwan is used as the pyung-hang documents(平行文書) between the same ranking gwanbu(官府). During the Won(元) era, about one grade lower official residence so was issued with a Gwan that could be used both pyung-hang(平行) system and ha-hang(下行) system concurrently, and during the Ming(明) period it seems that Gwan was used on pyung-hang system in principle. Chapter 3 deals with the Official-Documents System and its form while Joseon embraced the Gwan from China. From the early period of the Joseon dynasty, Official-Documents System appeared with the double-system that made of pyung-hang and ha-hang, and so far from being derived from Ming, it stemmed from Won and was adopted by Joseon fundamentally after the lapse of Goryeo dynasty(高麗). However, there are remarkable differences between Won and Joseon; Won used pyung-hang document as ha-hang only if there are slight gap like one grade among the issuing and receiving official residence, but Joseon extended the limit from one to six official rank and made Gwan by ha-hang within the range. Likewise, the official-documents system that had been modified for Joseon' structure by complying with the Won's precedent was prescribed in Gyeongguk daejeon(經國大典) and remained without major changes for 500 years. But moving focus to the form, the Gwan used in Joseon is more directly connected to Ming more than Won. The reason why Joseon has accepted Official-Documents System from Won while they took the form from Ming is understandable due to the Joseon's status associated with international relations centered on Ming.