심리적 계약 위반이 이직 의도에 미치는 영향: 직무 스트레스의 매개효과와 상사신뢰의 조절효과
The Impact of Psychological Contract Violation on Turnover Intentions: Mediation Effect of Job Stress and Moderation Effect of Trust in the Boss
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
현대 기업들은 불확실한 경영환경 속에 조직 구조 개편 등으로 인해 구성원이 조직에 대한 심리적 불안감이 높아지고 있다. 기업 또한 인적자원의 효율적인 관리와 조직에 머물도록 하기 위해 구성원의 관점을 파악하고 협력하는 방안을 끊임없이 모색하고 있다. 본 연구는 구성원이 심리적 계약위반을 인식했을 때 개인적 직무 스트레스가 높아지고 이로 인해 이직 의도를 높이는지에 대해 검증하고자 한다. 또한 심리적 계약 위반을 인식한 구성원이 상사의 신뢰를 통해 조직을 떠나려는 의도를 상쇄할 수 있는지에 대해 연구하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 심리적 계약 위반 인식과 이직 의도는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 즉 조직이 해줘야 한다고 생각하는 것을 받지 못 했을 때 구성원은 조직을 떠나려는 의도가 높아진다. 둘째, 심리적 계약 위반과 이직 의도 사이에 직무 스트레스의 매개효과를 검증한 결과 심리적 계약 위반을 인식한 구성원은 직무 스트레스가 높아지고 이는 이직 의도를 높이는 사실을 확인하였다. 셋째, 심리적 계약 위반과 이직 의도 관계에서 상사신뢰의 조절효과를 검증한 결과 상사에 대한 신뢰는 조직에 대해 부정적 감정을 줄이고 이직 의도를 완화 하는 결과를 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 구성원의 심리적 계약 위반 인지는 이직의도를 높이기에 조직은 구성원이 어떤 부분에 대해 기대하고 보상받기를 원하는지를 지속적으로 관찰하고 그에 맞는 관리 방안을 마련해야 한다. 또한 상사와의 신뢰 관계가 이직 의도를 완화시키는 측면에서 상사와 부하의 관계 형성을 위해 조직의 수평적 문화 및 의사소통 방법을 다양하게 활용하여 구성원의 이직률을 낮출 수 있는 실무적 방안을 제시하였다.
Abstract
In modern companies, psychological anxiety about the organization is increasing due to organizational restructuring in an uncertain business environment. Companies are also constantly seeking ways to understand and cooperate with members in order to ensure that they stay in the organization for efficient management of human resources. This study aims to verify whether personal job stress increases when members recognize a psychological contract violation, which increases their intention to turnover. In addition, it was studied whether members who recognized a psychological contract violation could offset their intention to leave the organization through the trust of their supervisors. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was confirmed that members' perception of psychological contract violation and turnover intention had a positive (+) effect. In other words, when the organization has not received what they think it should do, members' intention to leave the organization increases. Second, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of job stress between psychological contract violation and turnover intention, it was confirmed that members who recognized the psychological contract violation increased job stress, which increased their turnover intention. Third, as a result of verifying the moderating effect of supervisor trust in the relationship between psychological contract violation and turnover intention, trust in the boss reduced negative feelings toward the organization and alleviated turnover intention. Through the above research results, since the perception of a member's psychological contract violation increases the intention to turnover, the organization should continuously observe which areas members expect and want to be compensated for, and prepare management plans accordingly. In addition, in order to form the relationship between the boss and the subordinate in terms of the trust relationship with the boss alleviating the turnover intention, a practical plan was proposed to lower the turnover rate of members by utilizing various horizontal culture and communication methods of the organization.
참고문헌 (99)
- 김경민, "상사의 관계적 행동과 리더-부하 교환수준 간의 관계에서 개인차의 조절효과에 관한 연구 4", 리더십연구, 11(4), pp.71~97 (2020)
- 김보연, "객실승무원의 자아탄력성과 직무스트레스 및 이직의도와의 관계 연구", 관광연구, 36(3), pp.61~80 (2021)
- 김수남, "부하에 의한 심리적 계약위반이 중간관리자의 직무소진에 미치는 영향", 리더십연구, 14(1), pp.83~125 (2023)
- 김승용, "임파워링 리더십이 구성원의 지식공유와 내재적 동기부여에 미치는 영향 : 상사신뢰 매개를 중심으로", 지식경영연구, 14(2), pp.89~116 (2013)
- 김일, "진성리더십이 직무자율성 및 직무열의에 미치는 영향 연구: 상사신뢰의 조절효과", 한국경영학회 융합학술대회, pp.1304~1331 (2018)
- 김예지, "중소기업 MZ 세대 근로자의 심리적 계약위반이 이직의도에 미치는 영향 : 직무소진의 매개효과", 실천공학교육논문지, 13(3), pp.533~544 (2021)
- 김정훈, "심리적 계약위반 지각이 호텔종사원의 직무만족과 이직의도에 미치는 영향", 관광경영연구, 23(5), pp.143~162 (2019)
- 곽선화, "심리적 계약위반이 반생산적 과업행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 신뢰를 중심으로", 대한경영학회지, 23(4), pp.2219~2249 (2010)
- 권기준, "종사원이 지각하는 심리적계약위반과 그 효과-국내계 패밀리레스토랑을 대상으로", 고객만족경영연구, 11(2), pp.121~136 (2009)
- 문혜강, "진성리더십이 부하의태도와 행동에 미치는 영향 : 상사신뢰의 매개효과 검증", 경영교육연구, 30(1), pp.435~461 (2015)
- 박상윤, "인지 및 정서차원의 심리적 계약위반이 이직의도와 조직헌신에 미치는 영향 : 직장가족주의의 역할을 중심으로", 한국행정학보, 48(1), pp.107~131 (2014)
- 서동희, "항공사 객실승무원의 일-가정 균형 지각이 직무 스트레스, 심리적 계약위반, 이직의도에 미치는 조절역할에 관한 연구", 한국항공경영학회지, 18(3), pp.23~59 (2020)
- 4차 산업혁명, 일과 경영을 바꾸다, "신동엽", 삼성경제연구소, ~ (2018)
- 양석곤, "상사신뢰가 혁신행동에 미치는영향 : 직무특성의 조절효과를 중심으로", 리더십연구, 8(4), pp.131~163 (2017)
- 오지훈, "호텔종사원들의 감정노동이 직무스트레스, 직무소진, 이직의도에 미치는 영향", Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 29(11), pp.80~90 (2023)
- 이현소, "호텔 종사원이 지각하는 조직공정성이이직의도에 미치는 영향-관계결속의 조절 효과", Tourism Research, 38(1), pp.163~187 (2013)
- 이하나, "심리적 계약위반이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향 : 조직신뢰의 매개효과 및 상사지원인식의 조절효과", 조직과 인사관리연구, 39(1), pp.119~146 (2015)
- 이효주, "심리적 계약 위반이 조직 몰입을 매개로 이직 의도에 미치는 영향, 그리고 서번트 리더십의 조절 효과", 전문경영인연구, 24(1), pp.67~90 (2021)
- 임현명, "심리적 계약위반이 스트레스에 미치는 영향 : 긍정심리 자본의 매개효과", 대한경영학회지, 28(10), pp.2519~2540 (2015)
- 유경준, "노동의 미래" (2020), 현암사
- 유민봉, "심리적 계약위반이 이직의도 및 동기부여에 미치는 영향 : 직장가족주의 성향의 조절효과", 행정논총, 50(4), pp.135~162 (2012)
- 유천상, "심리적 계약위반이 이직의도에 미치는 영향 : 조직신뢰의 매개 및 정서의 조절효과를 중심으로", 상업교육연구, 31(4), pp.1~22 (2017)
- 정영미, "심리적 계약위반이 근로의욕 및 직무태도에 미치는 영향-상사지원의 조절효과", 인적자원관리연구, 18(1), pp.111~128 (2011)
- 정윤미, "서번트 리더십이 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 상사 신뢰의 매개 효과 및 성인 애착의 조절 효과", 글로벌경영학회지, 18(3), pp.72~95 (2021)
- 홍계훈, "조직공정성과 회사의 심리적 계약위반의 인식이 조직몰입과 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향 : 대안모델의 탐색", 조직과 인사관리연구, 37(1), pp.59~85 (2013)
- Adams, J. S., "Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2)", pp.267~299 (1965), Academic Press
- Ajzen, I., "The theory of planned behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp.179~211 (1991)
- Argyris, C., "Understanding organizational behavior" (1960)
- Aykan, E., "Effects of perceived psychological contract breach on turnover intention : Intermediary role of loneliness perception of employees", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, pp.413~419 (2014)
- Bal, P. M., "Psychological contract breach and job attitudes : A meta-analysis of age as a moderator", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72(1), pp.143~158 (2008)
- Bal, P. M., "Handbook of research on the psychological contract at work", pp.143~163 (2019), Edward Elgar Publishing
- Becker, T. E., "Foci and bases of commitment : Are they distinctions worth making?", Academy of Management Journal, 35(1), pp.232~244 (1992)
- Blue, M. D., "Optical absorption in HgTe and HgCdTe", Physical Review, 134(1A), pp.A226~ (1964)
- Bowers, C. A., "Stress and human performance", pp.163~192 (2013), Psychology Press
- Brown, S. P., "Antecedents and consequences of salesperson job satisfaction : Meta-analysis and assessment of causal effects", Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), pp.63~77 (1993)
- Bunderson, J. S., "How work ideologies shape the psychological contracts of professional employees:Doctors' responses to perceived breach", Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 22(7), pp.717~741 (2001)
- Burke, C. S., "Trust in leadership : A multi-level review and integration", The Leadership Quarterly, 18(6), pp.606~632 (2007)
- Cartwright, S., "Managing workplace stress (1)" (1997), Sage
- Cassar, V., "Psychological contract breach, organizational justice and emotional well-being", Personnel Review, 44(2), pp.217~235 (2015)
- Cavanaugh, M. A., "An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among US managers", Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), pp.65~ (2000)
- Chao, J. M., "Psychological contract breach and counterproductive workplace behaviors: testing moderating effect of attribution style and power distance", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(4), pp.763~777 (2011)
- Chen, M. F., "Modelling job stress as a mediating role in predicting turnover intention", The Service Industries Journal, 31(8), pp.1327~1345 (2011)
- Chen, H., "Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact", MIS Quarterly, pp.1165~1188 (2012)
- Conway, N., "Understanding psychological contracts at work: A critical evaluation of theory and research" (2005), Oxford University Press
- Cook, J., "New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need nonfulfilment", Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53(1), pp.39~52 (1980)
- Coverdale, S., "A re-examination of the Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth model of turnover:A useful replication", 40th annual meeting of the academy of management (1980)
- Coyle-Shapiro, J. A., "The employment relationship through the lens of social exchange" (2004)
- Crawford, E. R., "Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout : a theoretical extension and meta-analytic test", Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), pp.834~ (2010)
- Dirks, K. T., "Trust in leadership : meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), pp.611~ (2002)
- Donaldson, T., "Toward a unified conception of business ethics : Integrative social contracts theory", Academy of Management Review, 19(2), pp.252~284 (1994)
- Gakovic, A., "Psychological contract breach as a source of strain for employees", Journal of Business and Psychology, 18, pp.235~246 (2003)
- Gibson, J. L. J. M., "Organizations: bahavior, structure, processes" (1994)
- Greenberg, J., "Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management" (1993)
- Guzzo, R. A., "Expatriate managers and the psychological contract", Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), pp.617~ (1994)
- Harris, K. J., "Too much of a good thing : The curvilinear effect of leader-member exchange on stress", The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(1), pp.65~84 (2006)
- Homans, G. C., "Social behavior as exchange", American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), pp.597~606 (1958)
- Johnson-George, C., "Measurement of specific interpersonal trust : Construction and validation of a scale to assess trust in a specific other", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(6), pp.1306~ (1982)
- Johnson, J. L., "The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal", Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), pp.627~647 (2003)
- Kahn, W. A., "Caring for the caregivers: Patterns of organizational caregiving", Administrative science quarterly, pp.539~563 (1993)
- Kiewitz, C., "The interactive effects of psychological contract breach and organizational politics on perceived organizational support : Evidence from two longitudinal studies", Journal of Management Studies, 46(5), pp.806~834 (2009)
- Krausz, M., "Distal and proximal influences on turnover intentions and satisfaction : Support for a withdrawal progression theory", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52(1), pp.59~71 (1998)
- Kuang-Man, W., "The effects of psychological contract breach on employee work behaviors in the airline industry: Employee cynicism as mediator", International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(12), pp.304~312 (2013)
- Levinson, H., "Men, management, and mental health" (1962), Harvard University Press
- Lewiciki, B. B., "Negotiation:readings, exercises, and cases" (1990)
- Lunenburg, F. C., "Personal and organizational influence on pupil control ideology", The Journal of Experimental Education, 42(3), pp.31~35 (1974)
- Maertz Jr, C. P., "Eight motivational forces and voluntary turnover : A theoretical synthesis with implications for research", Journal of Management, 30(5), pp.667~683 (2004)
- Matthijs Bal, P., "Psychological contract breach and work performance : is social exchange a buffer or an intensifier?", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(3), pp.252~273 (2010)
- Mayer, R. C., "An integrative model of organizational trust", Academy of Management Review, 20(3), pp.709~734 (1995)
- Menninger, R. W., "A retrospective view of a hospital-wide group relations training program : costs, consequences, and conclusions", Human Relations, 38(4), pp.323~339 (1985)
- Mobley, W. H., "Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover", Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), pp.237~ (1977)
- Morrison, E. W., "When employees feel betrayed : A model of how psychological contract violation develops", Academy of Management Review, 22(1), pp.226~256 (1997)
- Noor, S., "Examining the relationship between work life conflict, stress and turnover intentions among marketing executives in Pakistan", International Journal of Business and Management, 3(11), pp.93~102 (2008)
- Organ, D. W., "Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences" (2005), Sage publications
- Parker, D. F., "Organizational determinants of job stress", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32(2), pp.160~177 (1983)
- Parzefall, M. R., "Psychological contract and its motivational and health-enhancing properties", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(1), pp.4~21 (2010)
- Podsakoff, P. M., "Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors", The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), pp.107~142 (1990)
- Raja, U., "The impact of personality on psychological contracts", Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), pp.350~367 (2004)
- Rayton, B. A., "Work engagement, psychological contract breach and job satisfaction", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(17), pp.2382~2400 (2014)
- Reimann, M., "Psychological contract breach and employee health : The relevance of unmet obligations for mental and physical health", Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 33(1), pp.1~11 (2017)
- Robinson, S. L., "Trust and breach of the psychological contract", Administrative science quarterly, pp.574~599 (1996)
- Robinson, S. L., "Violating the psychological contract : Not the exception but the norm", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(3), pp.245~259 (1994)
- Robinson, S. L., "The development of psychological contract breach and violation : A longitudinal study", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(5), pp.525~546 (2000)
- Rosen, C. C., "Perceptions of the organizational context and psychological contract breach : Assessing competing perspectives", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(2), pp.202~217 (2009)
- Rousseau, D., "Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements" (1995), Sage publications
- Rousseau, D. M., "Psychological and implied contracts in organizations", Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, pp.121~139 (1989)
- Rousseau, D. M., "New hire perceptions of their own and their employer's obligations : A study of psychological contracts", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), pp.389~400 (1990)
- Rousseau, D. M., "The'problem'of the psychological contract considered", Journal of Organizational Behavior, pp.665~671 (1998)
- Rousseau, D. M., "Human resource practices : Administrative contract makers", Human Resource Management, 33(3), pp.385~401 (1994)
- Rousseau, D. M., "Assessing psychological contracts: Issues, alternatives and measures", Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 19(S1), pp.679~695 (1998)
- Developing your career: Know your career anchors and develop your options, "Schein, E. H.", ~ (1980)
- Schuler, R. S., "Definition and conceptualization of stress in organizations", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 25(2), pp.184~215 (1980)
- Selye, H., "The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation", The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 6(2), pp.117~230 (1946)
- Thomas, C. H., "Preventing burnout:The effects of LMX and mentoring on socialization, role stress, and burnout", Human resource management, 48(3), pp.417~432 (2009)
- Turnley, W. H., "The impact of psychological contract violations on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect", Human Relations, 52(7), pp.895~922 (1999)
- Wanous, J. P., "Organizational entry: Recruitment, selection, orientation, and socialization of newcomers" (1992)
- Weaver, J. L., "The effect of individual differences on anxiety and team performance", Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, pp.68~93 (1996)
- Williams, C., "Research methods", Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 5(3) (2007)
- Zhang, Y., "It's not fair… or is it? The role of justice and leadership in explaining work stressor–job performance relationships", Academy of Management Journal, 57(3), pp.675~697 (2014)
- Zhao, H. A. O., "The impact of psychological contract breach on work-related outcomes : a meta-analysis", Personnel Psychology, 60(3), pp.647~680 (2007)
