근대 시기 서양 선교사의 西南官話 관련 사전류 문헌 연구
Compilation of Southwestern Mandarin Dictionaries by Western Missionaries in the Modern Era
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본고는 근대 시기 서양 선교사가 편찬한 西南官話 관련 사전류 문헌의 대표 저서인 Dictionnaire français-latin-chinois de la langue mandarine parlée(1869)와 Appendice du Dictionnaire français-latin-chinois de la langue mandarineparlée(1872)에 대한 연구이다. 본고는 먼저 西南官話 관련 문헌을 편찬한 대표적인 서양인 선교사 Paul Perny의 생평, 업적과 편찬 배경을 살펴보고, 그가 편찬한 두 사전류 문헌의 내용, 체제, 기초 방언 등에 대해 분석한다. 저자는 두 문헌에 대해 ‘官話’라는 용어를 사용하였는데, 본 연구의 분석 결과 음운, 어휘, 문법 측면에 모두 北方官話와 차이가 있는 西南官話의 특징들이 다수 관찰되었다. 이를 통해 저자가 인식하고 기록한 ‘官話’는 사실 당시 중국 서남 지역에서 통용되던 官話인 西南官話를 반영한 것이라고 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper introduces documentary literature of the Southwestern Mandarin dictionaries compiled by Western missionaries during the modern era. It examines Western missionaries' content, characteristics, and perceptions of Western missionaries regarding Southwestern Mandarin as depicted in these documents. Specifically, it explores the missionary activities and achievements of Paul Perny, a prominent Western missionary who compiled significant documents related to Southwestern Mandarin. Additionally, it delves into the background, content, and structure of Perny's seminal works, “French-Latin-Chinese Dictionary” (1869) and its appendix (1872), regarded as key reference materials on Southwestern Mandarin. Subsequently, it discusses Perny's perceptions of “Mandarin” and “dialects,” noting that while Perny employs the term “Mandarin” in these texts, the Mandarin depicted therein exhibits distinct characteristics from the Beijing dialect in terms of phonology, vocabulary, and grammar, suggesting that the “Mandarin” documented by Perny reflects Southwestern Mandarin, the lingua franca of the southwestern region of China during that period. We acknowledge Perny's recognition of dialectal variations in Chinese; however, it appears that he was less sensitive to the differences within Mandarin.
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