现代汉语述补结构“洗累了”类与“吃腻了”类比较分析

Abstract

This paper analyzes sentences in which the “monosyllabic verb + monosyllabic adjective + le” type of the complement structure isused as the predicate, and finds that semantic point theory ofLu Jianming (2005 [2003])and control theory ofXiong Zhongru (2013) cannot explain the asymmetrical language phenomenon that the servility of “洗累了”class cannot act as the subject while the servility of “吃腻了”classcan act as the subject. The analysis showed that the predicates of the “洗累了” class and “吃腻了” class are both complement structures. V1 is a two-place nonpositive verb and the semantic point of V2 is the subject. The V2s of the “洗累了” class and “吃腻了” class analyzed in this paper are “乐，哭，累, 醉, 烦, 腻”. If it does not consider the syntactic position, all the other five verbs are non-objective verbs, except for “哭” which is anone-place non-ergative. However, once V2 is used as the “V1+V2” complement structure, it loses non-ergativity and no longer indicates activity, but indicates entering a certain state. It found that ,through the substitution analysis, the “洗累了”class is a verb-resultative complement structure and the “洗累了”classis a prototype that can be expanded into the negative form of potential complement. The verb-resultative complement structure is a word and a potential complement is a phrase. Both the verb-resultative complement structure and the potential complementary complement structure are combined in the same way at the basic lexical level, and both are extended by category and causing category. However, the prototype of the negative form of the potential complement can continue to be extended by the ModP/NegP of the energetic category by moving up. After being extended by the energetic category, it changes from a word to a phrase, and V1 can be stripped off and continue to move up to be extended by the active category Do, so that the servility can act as the subject of the sentence. On the other hand, the verb-resultative complement structure cannot be extended by the energetic category, and V1 cannot move up to the position of DO, so the servility cannot act as the subject of the sentence.