불교음악 <화청>의 음악적 연구- 서울, 경기일대(경제) 소리를 중심으로 -

Abstract

A lot of research into the musical characteristics of Buddhist song hwach'ŏng 和請 (Kyŏngje 京制, Kyŏnggi style), which unusually consists of the folk song style, has thus far been accomplished. However, disputes over beats and rhythmic pattern― changdan 長短(rhythmic cycle), which is alleged to be ch'ŏngbae changdan 請拜長短 (󰁜+♩+󰁜=8 beats) in recent days, are raging and the historical study such as the melodic origin and the transmission has been prevented by the lack of study materials and concerns. This paper aims at investigating the exact musical features of kyŏngje 京制 hwach‘ŏng 和請 by analyzing the songs from the first half century of the 20th up to the 21th, and explaining the melodic origin and the historical transmission. The main conclusions are as follows. First, kyŏngje hwach‘ŏng is all based on ŏmmori changdan 엇모리장단, the combination of triple and double beats ―󰁜+♩+󰁜+♩=10 beats. Second, there are two different versions in kyŏngje hwach‘ŏng. One is the origin and the general melody, and the other is the kind of a variation. The former, which was rooted in susimga t'ori 愁心歌토리, the Sŏdo 西道 musical style, is sung by the majority of monks. The latter, which was formed in the individual musical taste of monks, is sung by the minority of monks. However, the former has come to be well-transmitted and is also being changed into kyŏngt'ori 경토리, the Kyŏnggi 京 畿 musical style; it was caused by the division of Korea into north and south. Third, kyŏngje hwach‘ŏng was originated from Kaesŏng pŏmp'ae 開城 梵唄 ― the buddhist ritual chant of the north of Kyŏnggi province 京畿道 that was very popular and flourished in the past. Under the close musical circumstances, so called Kaesŏng hwach‘ŏng spread to the Seoul pŏmp'ae, and since the middle of the 20th century, Kyŏngje hwach‘ŏng affected throughout the other regional pŏmp'ae in south Korea owing to the popularity. This study shows well the vigorous musical exchanges and the close relationships between Kaesŏng and Seoul pŏmp'ae in the traditional society.