일응 스님 범패 연구

Abstract

This paper is a study on the process of characterizing and hand down of a monk's Buddhist ritual chants (pŏmp'ae 梵唄) through Venerable Ilŭng's life on the condition of Korean Buddhist society and tradition. For this study, I met his students and colleagues whole area of Korea and recorded the evidences. After that I recorded his songs on western music notation and analysed it. Ven. Ilŭng 一應 was born on 1920 in Chŏnju 全州 of Chŏlla province 全羅道, died on 2003 in Seoul. That days of Korea history was the convulsions period under the Japanese colonial rule, before and after Korean War, so Buddhist monks should be experienced their fragmentation. Ven. Ilŭng became a monk 1931 (his age was 11) learned and exercised the songs and dancing in the Buddhist ritual, it was wanje 完制 (Chŏnju style) of the Chŏlla province. After 5 years he went to Seoul to learn 일응 스님 범패 연구 175 kyŏngje 京制 (Kyŏnggi 京畿 style) chants for his advanced song. At one time, He return to secular society to escape from the fragmentation of Buddhist monk's society and school. At that time he acted as a singer of sijo 時調 (a kind of traditional Korean lyric song) and also learned kayagŭm sanjo 伽倻琴散調 (solo instrumental music for 12-stringed zither) and the rhythm of drum. After several years, he came back to be a monk and harder to exercise Buddhist ritual song and dancing for ceremony service then before. The result he could get the accredit as his songs and dancing and became a initiator of the Korea important intangible cultural property No. 50 in Seoul. After that he went to his home town Chŏlla province and instruct his students Buddhist ritual and song and dancing. By his effort his students could became initiators of Chŏlla province intangible cultural property. The analysis of his various chants is that some time there were falsetto voice on high pitched melody, it is came from traditional Korean lyric song (sijo). Some time there were a vocalization like folk song of Chŏlla province mostly on low pitched melody, it is due to his home town Chŏlla's folk song style. But his song is more purified and collected the pitch and interval of his melody than his students and colleagues in Chŏlla province, it is because of that he learned and acted in Seoul. Especially when he song hwach'ŏng 和請 (Buddhist song in Korean language) song very delicate emotionally and express rhythmically, it is influenced by kayagŭm sanjo and Korean traditional rhythm pattern of drum. Given his life, acting of Buddhist ritual and the feature of his Buddhist song pŏmp'ae, the character is in the fusion and harmonious condition with Seoul and region, the religious spirit and lay person music. The noteworthy on his songs is the temperance of emotional expression and dignified vocal although receptive of the common musical skill. It is the most virtue on his songs.