경제 홑소리 <普供養眞言>과 <普回向眞言>의 음악사적 연구

Abstract

Kyŏngje 京制 Hossori 홑소리 Pogongyang chinŏn 普供養眞言 and Pohoehyang chinŏn 普回向眞言, which are included to only huge Buddhist rituals in Kyŏngje Pŏmp'ae 京制 梵唄, Kyŏnggi 京畿 Buddhist chant, are combined with Hossori and a folk song style like Kyŏngje Sadarani 京制 사다라니. My recent study verified that Kyŏngje Sadarani has been transformed into a new musical form in recent centuries, which raises doubts over the historial change of these two Buddhist chants as well. This study aims at investigating the historical change of two Buddhist chants by analyzing the text in old literatures from the 15th to the early 20th century, and the musical features of songs from the middle and late 20th to the early 21th century. Pogongyang chinŏn and Pohoehyang chinŏn had the Four Tones 四聲 of classical Chinese like the general Buddhist chants in the 15th and 19th old literatures. Also the titles of these two chants, Pogongyang chinŏn of which is mixed with Hossori and a folk song style now, seem to have had the same melodic style of Yŏmbul 念佛. These facts show that Kyŏngje Hossori Pogongyang chinŏn and Pohoehyang chinŏn were originated from the typical and simple Buddhist chant, and changed into a new musical style in recent centuries. In musical respect, Kyŏngje Pogongyang chinŏn and Pohoehyang chinŏn generally consist of regular triple beats(4/󰁜), and are originally based on the Susimga t'ori 愁心歌토리, Sŏdo 西道 musical style. However, they are being changed into a more Kyŏnggi musical style in recent years, which is very similar with Kyŏngje Sadarani. Kyŏngje Pŏmp'ae is told to have been transformed into a new style in the early 20th in the course of restoration. At this time, Kyŏngje Pogongyang chinŏn and Pohoehyang chinŏn seem to have been changed into this musical form, which was influenced by Kyŏngje Sadarani. In addition, new musical style represent very well the ritual process and meaning of two Buddhist chants all composed of mantras, whose verses are about a memorial service and a feeling of rapture.