경제 <복청게>계통 소리의 음악사적 연구

Abstract

Kyŏngje 京制 (Kyŏnggi 京畿 style) Monks confirm that Pokch'ŏngge 福請偈, which ritually belongs to Ch'ŏnsu para 千手哱囉, the most representative Para dance, but musically is separated from Ch'ŏnsu para, was handed down as two types, Pokch'ŏngge 福請偈 and Pyŏl-Pokch'ŏngge 別福請偈 in the past. This study investigates the historical change of two kinds of Kyŏngje Pokch'ŏngge 京制 福請偈 by analyzing the text in ancient literatures from the 15th century to the early 20th century, and the musical features of these songs in the second half of the 20th century. On the basis of the 17th and 18th literatures, the lyrics, including Yongŭi ŏmjŏng 用意嚴靜 is the origin of Pokch'ŏngge. However, in the early 19th century literatures, the lyrics containing Tongŭm ch'anghwa 同音唱和, so called new one, instead of Yongŭi ŏmjŏng, became coexisted with the origin. Also the origin has formed a longer and more refined type, the lyrics of which is same as the one of Pyŏl-Pokch'ŏngge in the early 20th century. This means that Pyŏl-Pokch'ŏngge was the inherited and more advanced form of the origin and recognized in the first half of the 20th century, when Pokch'ŏngge - the new one - was more favored than was Pyŏl-Pokch'ŏngge among the monks. In musical respects, Kyŏngje Pokch'ŏngge consists of irregular triple beats (x/󰁜), and four parts, introduction-development-climax-coda. And this chant is originally based on the Menari t'ori 메나리토리, which is a musical style of Kyŏngsang province 慶尙道 and the musical foundation of buddhist ritual chants, but development and climax parts are composed of pan kyŏngt'ori 반 경토리 which is equivalent to intensified musical mood and influenced by a musical style of Kyŏnggi province 京畿道. Pyŏl-Pokch'ŏngge has the almost same musical characteristics as those of Pokch'ŏngge except the development part, whose difference was caused by longer and different lyrics. In this part, the melody of Pyŏl-Pokch'ŏngge is also longer and more variable in some cases, which seems to cause difficulties in the transmission of this chant. Since the second half of 20th century, only Pokch'ŏngge (the new one) has come to be transmitted in Kyŏngje Pŏmp'ae 京制 梵唄 (Buddhist ritual chant of Kyŏnggi style). However Kyŏngje Pokch'ŏngge versions exemplify the active, propagating characteristics of Pŏmp'ae, Buddhist ritual chants in the past.