경제 <四多羅尼> 연구

Abstract

Kyŏngje 京制 Sadarani 四多羅尼, which is included to huge and small Buddhist rituals, has distinctive musical characteristics. It is mixed with the Buddhist chant and a Kyŏnggi 京畿-Sŏdo 西道 folk song style in a musical way. This study investigates the musical change and the feature of Kyŏngje Sadarani by analyzing the text from the 15th to the early 20th ancient literatures and songs in the middle and late 20th century. Kyŏngje Sadarani, which is being well transmitted compared to Wanje 完制 and Yŏngnamje 嶺南制 Sadarani, had a little different text and the Four Tones called sasŏng 四聲 of classical Chinese like the general Buddhist chants in the ancient literatures. Also it seemed to have been consisted of irregular beats like the general Buddhist chants. These facts show that Kyŏngje Sadarani was originated from the typical Buddhist chant and changed into a new musical form about in the early 20th century. In musical respect, Kyŏngje Sadarani is divided into two parts; the one is the title of text and the other is the main text. The former, which is consisted of a typical folk song style, is made of semach'i changdan 세마치장단, triple three beats(3/♩.) or triple four beats(4/♩.), and Kyŏng t'ori 경토리 or pan-Kyŏng t'ori 반경토리. The latter, which is the mixture of a folk song style and the Buddhist chant, is composed of a little irregular beats, which is caused by the accompany of dance, and Susimga t'ori 愁心歌토리. However, Kyŏngje Sadarani is being changed into the more Kyŏnggi musical style in recent years. Kyŏnggi Buddhist chant, Kyŏngje Pŏmp'ae 京制 梵唄, is told to have been transformed into a new style in the early 20th in the course of restoration. At this time, Kyŏngje Sadarani seems to have been changed into the mixture with the Buddhist chant and a folk song style, which is more effective to appeal to people, together with A Prayer Hwach'ŏng 和請. Also this new style music was transmitted into Wanje 完制 Pŏmp'ae in these days.