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가정폭력, 가족간살인, 그리고 판결문속의 가부장적 이데올로기 읽기

Reading a Patriarchal Ideology from Domestic Violence, Domestic Homicide and the Legal Precedents

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주제분류행정학

초록

2013년 미디어들은 가정폭력의 심각성을 알리기 위하여 수면아래 감춰져 있던 가정폭력의 다양한 면모를 수면 위로 끌어올리고, 이에 대응이라도 하듯 경찰은 다양한 가정폭력 관련 대응 매뉴얼을 발표하고 있다. 그러나 아무리 제도가 정비된다 하더라도 최종 판결권을 가진 법원의 여성에 대한 인식과 가정폭력에 대한 인식이 변화하지 않으면 제도들은 무용지물이 될 것이다. 이러한 인식적 변화의 중요성을 강조하기 위하여 본 연구는 판결문에 들어난 법조계의 가정폭력에 대한 시선을 읽으려고 한다. 이러한 모색의 한 방편으로 본 연구는 가정폭력의 가장 심각한 형태인 살인으로 이어진 사건들의 판결문 분석을 통해 가정폭력이 살인으로 이어지는 정황과 가해자-피해자 특징, 그리고 형사사법체계의 가정폭력에 대한 가부장적 시선을 읽어내는 것을 목표로 하였다. 최근 3년간 가정폭력과 연결된 살인사건의 판례가 내용분석을 통해 이루어졌고, 제한적인 자료의 특성을 고려하여 통계 분석이 필요할 경우 비모수적 Mann-Whitney t검증을 실시하였다. 결과에 따르면 피해자가 남성일 경우 여성이 피해자인 사건에 비하여 최종 형량이 높아졌고, 판결문에서는 남성 중심적 단어의 사용뿐만 아니라 성역할에 대한 선입견, 그리고 피해 여성에 대한 비난과 가해자 남성의 가정 안정성에 대한 용어들이 발견되었다. 가정폭력 척결을 위한 사회의 다양한 응답(response)뿐만 아니라 법조계의 가부장적 이데올로기에서 벗어나려는 노력이 가정폭력을 해결하는데 있어 실질적인 차이를 가져올 것이다. 더욱 구체적인 내용들은 본문에서 논의하도록 한다.

Abstract

Since “Family Violence Special ACT” has started in 1998, the media actively has been reporting various criminal cases of domestic violence to declare its seriousness to publics. Also, the police has updated proactive strategies and manuals to response against domestic violence. However, the stunning success on combating domestic violence cannot be expected without the cognitive change on the attitude by citizens and the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to read patriarchal ideology throughout legal precedents of domestic homicide by family members. To provide the qualitative test, I analyzed 15legal precedents which contained homicide case with domestic violence by family members from 2009 to 2012 to explore indicators of a patriarchal ideology, I also performed nonparametric Mann-Whitney t-test to compare the sentence length of domestic homicide cases by gender. The result are very consistent with previous researches which were done in Western society, and it says that the patriarchal ideology still works and affects judges' final decision on cases of domestic violence and domestic homicide. However, the finding shows that the sentencing outcomes are harsher on the case with male victim than female victim. Also, present study found the evidence that the drawbacks of patriarchal ideology may affected some men as well as women, in a negative way. The detailed policy implications will be discussed on the context.

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