가정폭력에 대한 젠더 통합적 접근: [가정폭력 실태조사] 비판을 중심으로
An Gender-Integrated Approach to Domestic Violence: A Critique on a National Study of Domestic Violence in South Korea
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이 글은 가정폭력/친밀한 관계 내 폭력 문제를 해결하기 위해선, 문제의 본질에 대한 이론적 검토와 토대 마련이 무엇보다 중요하다는 인식하에 정부의 재정지원으로 수행된 전국규모의 가정폭력 실태조사를 젠더 통합적 관점에서 비판해 보았다. 젠더 통합적 관점이란 젠더를 성별 차이로 인한 개인의 속성이 아닌, 사회적 위치와 상황, 이를 통해 개인의 사회적자원과 지위를 결정하는 범주로 활용하는 것을 말한다. 이러한 젠더 통합적 관점에서 볼 때,실태조사는 젠더 개념을 성별 구분이라는 협소한 수준에서 적용함으로써 첫째, 가정폭력/친밀한 관계 내 폭력을 개인 속성에 의해 발생하는 개인적이거나 일회적인 사건으로 정의하고,둘째, 폭력 시발의 불균형성에도 불구하고 가정폭력/친밀한 관계 내 폭력을 상호폭력으로 정의하며, 셋째, 가정폭력/친밀한 관계 내 폭력의 동기 및 그 결과를 비맥락화하고, 넷째, 가정폭력/친밀한 관계 내 폭력에 대한 사회적 대응의 문제점을 개별화하는 등의 한계를 드러내고 있다. 이를 보완하기 위해, 이 글은 첫째, 가정폭력/친밀한 관계 내 폭력 전체 연구의 지형에 실태조사의 위치성을 분명히 함으로써, 연구의 목적, 방법, 대상에 따른 차이가 결과와해석의 차이로 이어지는 흐름을 독자로 하여금 인지하게 하고, 둘째, 가정폭력/친밀한 관계내 폭력의 동기와 원인을 맥락에 의거해 파악해야 하며, 셋째, 가정폭력/친밀한 관계 내 폭력에 대한 사회적 대응에 침윤해 있는 성차별적 혹은 성전형적 젠더 규범에 대한 분석이 필요함을 제안하였다.
Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which the problem of domestic violence/intimate partner violence has been constructed as a social issue by analyzing the 2010 Domestic Violence Survey of Korea conducted by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. Through the perspective of gender-integrated theory, this paper criticizes the discourses produced and naturualized by the survey: first, the survey identifies domestic violence/intimate partner violence as a matter of individual’s misconduct, second, it conceptualizes domestic violence/intimate parter violence as mutual one despite the fact of the imbalance of initiation,third, the survey individualizes the motives and consequences of domestic violence/intimate partner violence, finally, it decontextualizes discriminated or gender-blind state intervention by problematizing individual law-enforcement officers or agents. In order to address those issues, this paper suggests as follows: first, the survey should clarify its position in the research arena of intimate partner violence by pointing out that the claims of gender symmetry and gender asymmetry are consequences of different goals, objects, and perspectives. second, it should contetxtualize the motives, consequences, and experiences of intimate partner violence, and finally, the survey should investigate the ways in which patriarchal attitudes and biases of the criminal justice system contribute to producing,supporting, and reinforcing domestic violence and intimate partner violence.
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