고린도전서에 나타난 바울 교회의 형성
The Formation of the Pauline Church in First Corinthians
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초록
본 소논문은 바울이 고린도전서를 통해서 이전에 고린도 성도들이 익숙했던 공동체인 ‘조합’(voluntary association)의 관습으로부터 그들을 분리하고자 했다는 점을 고려할 것이다. 이것을 위해서 본 소논문은 먼저 고대의 조합을 특히 신전과의 관계 가운데에서 기술할 것이다. 고대의 신전종교는 개인적 종교가 아닌 공동체적 종교였으며 고대인들의 종교 생활은 조합(제의 조합, 직업 조합)을 중심으로 형성되었다는 점을 고려해야 한다. 고대의 직업 조합도 수호신을 섬기고 있었기 때문에 직업 조합도 일종의제의 조합의 성격을 지니고 있었다. 그렇다면 고린도 교인들이 그들이 전에 경험해본 적이 없는 공동체인 교회에 참여하게 되었을 때에 그들은 이전의 조합의 관습에 따라서 행동을 했을 수 있다. 따라서 고린도전서의 일부 단락들에서 바울이 신전 공동체(조합)의 관습과 구분된 대안문화적세계관을 고린도전서에서 구성하고자 했다는 점을 살필 것이다. 특히 바울이 ‘성전’에 대해서 고린도전서에서 언급할 때, 이 성전이 예루살렘 성전이 아닌 당대 헬라 이방 성전을 지칭했을 가능성이 높다는 점을 살필것이다. 이러한 점을 고려한다면 바울은 성전에 대한 강조를 통해서 기존의 신전 제의 조합에서 자신의 공동체 멤버들을 분리하며, 새로운 그리스도 제의 조합(교회)의 가치관과 세계관을 고린도전서를 통해서 전달하고있다고 여길 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This article will consider the notion that Paul, through his First Letter to the Corinthians, aimed to dissociate the Corinthian believers from their former familiarity with the customs of a ‘voluntary association.’ To explore this, this article will initially describe the ancient associations, particularly in relation to temples. It is important to note that ancient temple religion was not individualistic but communal, and the religious life of the ancients was centered around associations (ritual and occupational). Since ancient occupational associations also worshipped patron deities, they bore characteristics of ritual associations. Therefore, when the Corinthian believers joined the church, a community unlike anything they had previously experienced, they may have acted according to the customs of their previous associations. Thus, this article will examine how Paul, in certain sections of First Corinthians, sought to construct an alternative cultural worldview distinct from the customary practices of the temple community (association). Particularly, when Paul refers to the ‘temple’ in First Corinthians, it is likely he was referring not to the Jerusalem Temple but to contemporaneous Hellenistic pagan temples. Considering these points, Paul could be seen as using his emphasis on the temple to separate his community members from the traditional temple ritual associations and to convey through First Corinthians the values and worldview of a new Christ-centered ritual association (i.e., the church).
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