조직문화, 리더십과 구성원 태도 간의 변화 연구:2007년과 2010년의 비교를 중심으로
A Change Study among Organizational Culture, Leadership Styles, Employee Attitudes:Focused on the Comparison in 2007 and 2010
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초록
본 연구는 2008년 글로벌 금융위기 전후시기에 조직문화와 리더십의 변화가 구성원의 태도에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지에 대해 2007년과 2010년 시계열적인 비교연구를 하는데 목적이 있다. 1970년대 이후 세계 경제에서 주목받은 4차례 경기침체 시기에 기업이 외부환경 변화에 어떻게 대응하고 적응했는지에 대한 체계적인 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 기업의 경영위기 전후시기에 조직경영에 효과적인 조직문화와 리더십을 제시하였다. 분석을 위한 자료는 A사를 대상으로 2007년 11월에 회수된 234부 설문지와 2010년 5월에 회수한 256부 설문지를 활용하였다. 그리고 분석 과정에서는 변수 간 관계에 영향을 미치는 잠재적인 동일방법요인이 측정변수에 영향을 주는 것으로 가정하여 동일방법편의에 의한 변수 간 공분산의 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 분석결과를 보면, 2007년에는 개발문화와 거래적 리더십이 조직몰입과 직무만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 합리문화는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 2010년에는 합리문화와 합의문화가 조직몰입과 직무만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 개발문화와 위계문화는 조직몰입과 직무만족에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 거래적리더십은 직무만족에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점으로는 첫째, 기업은 경영위기 전후시기에 효과적인 조직문화가 다르다는 것이다. 즉, 기업의 내·외부 환경에 따라 적합한 조직문화의 유연성(flexibility of organizational culture)의 확보가 필요하다. 둘째, 기업의 경영위기 전후시기 모두 거래적 리더십이 효과적이다.
Abstract
Many corporate organizations have tried to find source in organizational culture and leadership for responding to environment and increasing organizational effectiveness since 1980's(Schein, 1985). Prior research in the area of organizational science has extensively examined the ways to increase the organizational effectiveness. Some of them are about the relationship between culture and effectiveness and the relationship between leadership and effectiveness, etc. This study investigates, by a time series analysis study in 2007 and 2010, an actual proof on how organizational culture and leadership have changed, and what effect the changes brought to the attitude of employees in the "A" Corporation before and after the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. Until recently, very little empirical work had been done on how corporations have reacted and adapted to the outside changes and environment during the four recessions in the world economy since the 1970s. accordingly, this study model assumes that the causal relationship between the organization culture & leadership and organization culture and leadership to organization commitment and job satisfaction is different before and after the Global Financial Crisis. Data for analysis were collected through questionnaire instruments from 238 employees in November 2007 and 256 employees in May 2010 in "A" Corporation. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling was employed. The research model was constructed through a single-method-factor approach in order to control the effect of an unmeasured latent common method biases. The model is shown as adequately fitting to the data. The results of the research are summarized as follows. Development Culture and Transactional leadership have a positive and significant effect on organization commitment and job satisfaction, whereas Rational Culture seems to have a negative effect in 2007. On the other hand, Rational Culture and Consensual Culture have a positive and significant effect on organization commitment and job satisfaction. and Transactional leadership has a positive and significant effect only on job satisfaction in 2010. In conclusion of this study, it is important for corporations to have the flexibility of organizational culture in order to react and adapt to outside changes in the environment. and Organization culture is easily changed when corporations go through management crisis due to outside changes in the environment. lastly, transactional leadership has a positive effect on organization commitment when corporations go through management crisis due to outside changes in the environment.
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