하와이 한인 여성단체와 사진신부의 독립운동

Abstract

The Korean community in the United States was first formed by official emigration from Korea in 1902 and was largely male-dominated. With the treaty that made Korea a protectorate of Japan (乙巳勒約) signed in 1905, Korean emigration was banned. However, the emigration of family already in Hawaii was allowed. Meanwhile, in the wake of social problems including gambling and corruption in the male-dominated Hawaiian Korean Community, picture marriages took place as a way to stabilize the Korean community, and some 1,000 picture brides entered Hawaii between 1910 and 1924. They were young women who received a modern education compared to their husbands, and they became the driving force behind the changes in the Korean community. Early Korean community groups transformed into political organizations against the Japanese, calling for Korean independence. Picture brides also organized men, and led the anti-Japanese independence movement. This paper traces 8 women who were picture brides and anti-Japanese independence activists, highlighting the role of women and thereby expanding the largely male-centric history of independence movement.