19세기 말엽 靑山島鎭의 재편과 해양방어체제의 변화

Abstract

This study aims to examine the marine defense system of Southern coast of Jeollado in late 19th century. Especially, the study focused on reorganization process of marine defense system focusing on Cheongsan island(靑山島), Gangjin-hyeon(康津縣) and Geomun island(巨門島), Heungyang-hyeon(興陽縣). It was during King Sukjong(肅宗) of Joseon Period when naval force was dispatched to Cheongsan island of Gangjin-hyeon, Jeolla-do. Min You-Joong( 1630~1687), the minister of war pointed Gangjin-hyeon as the fortress for the Southern coast. Thus, Gogeum island(古今島), Cheongsan island, and Sinji island(薪智島) annexed to Gangjin-hyeon in 1681 were installed with naval base. Cheomsajin(僉使鎭) and Manhojin(萬戶鎭) was each installed to Gogeum island and Sinji island, and special force was dispatched to Cheongsan island, located outward and was given a task to monitor the sea route. As the result, Cheongsan island degenerated into an island managing taxation of central government rather than as an island with naval force. It was Lee Jae Won(1831-1891), the minister of interior during King Gojong(高宗) who proposed to reorganize naval base at Cheongsan island. He was the talented of JeonJu Lee‘s family who suggested installing naval base on the island instead of converting the land tax of the island to public funds. It was due to frequent appearance of hand over lines toward Joseon seas. Thus, the Cheomsandojin was installed in Cheongsan island in 1866, and reorganized the marine defense system of Southern coast. Then, when British ship swarmed into Joseon in 1885 to spy on sea route and measure the submarine, in the end, they occupied Geomun island of Heungyang-hyeon, which they called "Hamilton". The reason that the British occupied the island was to resist the southward of Russian. Due to such reason, Geomun island became a critical island directly related to sovereignty of Joseon at the late 19th century. Therefore, Joseon government established a plan to install naval base at Geomun island in 1887. However, the island did not have sufficient economic basis to operate naval base, but Cheongsan island both had land and population. Thus, Jeolla governor suggested a countermeasure, which proposed a dual system to defend the ocean from Geomundojin(巨門島鎭) in Punghuajeol(風化節), and to respond from Cheongsandojin in Punggojeol(風高節). Based on the system, the function of Jeolla-do naval base in 19th century was reorganized from macroscopic view.