朝鮮後期 古群山鎭 의 설치와 운영
The Establishment and Management ofGokunsanjin in the Late Joseon Period
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15세기 전라도 부안 일대의 수군진은 무안의 臨淄鎭에서 관할하였다. 그런데 숙종 9년(1683)에 병조판서 閔維重의 상소로, 부안 蝟島에 僉使鎭이설치되었다. 그 결과 임치진의 기능이 축소되고, 대신 위도진이 主鎭으로승격하였다. 이 글은 17세기 부안 위도진의 屬鎭이었던 고군산진의 설치와복설과정을 검토한 것이다. 15세기 군산 앞 바다에 위치한 群山島(현 仙遊 島)에 群山鎭이 설치되었다가 곧 폐진되고, 선유도에서 水路로 약 80리 떨어진 옥구현(현 군산시)에 群山浦鎭이 설치되었다. 그리고 17세기에 다시선유도에 古群山鎭이 복설되었다. 왜 동일한 해역에 유사한 형태의 수군진이 중첩되어 설치·폐진·복설되었을까? 西海海路와 관련하여『古地圖』를분석하였다.
Abstract
This is a case study to examine the establishment, abolishment, re-establishment, promotion to self-government, humans basis, managerial condition and etc. of Gokunsanjin(古群山鎭) established around Buan(扶安)·Okku(沃溝)·Mankyung(萬頃) in Jeolla province in the Joseon Period. Gummopojin(黔毛浦鎭) and Gunsanjin(群山鎭) around Buan in Jeolla province in the fifteenth century controlled by Limchijin(臨淄 鎭) in Muan(務安). In the 9th year of Sukjong(肅宗), Min You-jung, the defence minster, recognized the importance of the sea route in the Yellow Sea and memorialized the King on the establishment of the strategic points of the naval forces in Buan. As a result of it, Wedojin(蝟島鎭) was established in Wedo(蝟島) in Buan. Since then, Wedojin had been raised to the chief point instead of Limchijin in Muan in the organization of strategic point of naval forces on the sea route in the Yellow Sea. Gunsanjin in the fifteenth century was founded in Jinlee(鎭里) behind Mangju peak in Sunyudo(仙遊島). But Gunsanjin was closed by the pirates who had invaded inland round about the island shortly after its establishment. To protect the coast of the inland, the strategic point of the naval forces was established in Gunsanpo(群山 浦), Okkuhyun(沃溝縣) instead of it. It is “Gunsanpojin(群山浦鎭)” that is registered in the materials of the government compilation. Then, the sea route of the Yellow Sea connected with <Usuyoung(右水 營) → Siha sea(柴河海) → Limjado(荏子島) → Chilsan sea(七山海) → Gokunsan(古群山)> was watched with its function as the route for marine transportation and the strategic points of the naval forces were established more near Wedo area. At the same time, ‘Gokunsanjin’was established in Gunsando(Sunyudo, now) too. Sumobyuljang(召募別將) was dispatched in a period of Injo(仁祖) regime and Sugungumsa(水軍僉使) was stationed, Sukjong, in the Joseon Period. After that, several chiefs of Gokunsanjin were the people who had successively filled various posts like Busa(府使)· Hyunlyung(縣令)·Youngjang(營將)·Samdotongjaesajulhu(三道統制使 虞侯) and their average tenure was about 14 months. The government offices of Gokunsanjin had 175Kan(間). The residents attached to Gokunsanjin were inhabitants in present ‘Gokunsan islands(古群山群島)’. They paid various kinds of taxes like ship tax· marine clothes tax·fish spear tax·fishing net tax·fishing ground tax·anchoring tax as residents in Gokunsanjin.