제3의 이념과 여분의 소설 - 소련 붕괴 전후, 민의의 대표/재현 (불)가능성과 사회민주주의

Abstract

This paper examines through the ideological prism of social democracy how the progressive camp of the time attempted to secure the prospect of transformation amidst the weakening of the socialist ideological core in the period around the collapse of the Soviet Union. On the one hand, social democracy was discussed as a viable alternative to Marxism in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, but on the other hand, it was also a theory that was raised in the domestic context of workers’ political entry into politics, electoral struggles, and the acceptance of parliamentarism, leading to the founding of the All-Union Workers’ Association, the Minjoo Party, and the Korean Workers’ Party. Based on these discourses and theories, we also examined works that explored the novel (dis)possibilities of how public opinion could be socially expressed through the institution of elections in the absence of a fully established legitimate political party that could represent or represent the will of workers and the people. In this way, we were able to examine how the international context of the collapse of the Soviet Union and domestic expectations of power reorganization through the electoral system intersected and antagonized, preparing for political upheaval on the literary level. In this sense, a group of works that this paper refers to as ‘extra novels’ in the transition period of democratization suggested the emergence of politics from below by literary representation of the extra public opinion that could not be represented or represented politically, and liberated the meaning of democracy from the electoral system. If the social democratic debate was the ideological response to the attempt to impose progressive agendas and causes on the world through the democratic process in Korean society during the transition to democratization, the ‘extra novel’ was the literary response.