세속화ㆍ다문화 시대 영국의 종교교육과 기독교 정체성
Religious Education and Christian Identity of Britain in the Secular and Multicultural Society
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 논문은 세속화ㆍ다문화 시대에도 영국이 왜 기독교 교육을 의무화 하고 있는지 그 이유에 대하여 연구한다. 영국에서 세속화와 다문화가 진행되고 있지만 영국의 기독교 정체성에 있어 급격한 단절 또는 쇠락 을 주장할 수는 없다. 영국 정부는 1944년과 1988년 교육법을 통해 기 독교 국가로서의 정체성을 강화하였다. 1944년 법은 모든 공립학교는 매일 집단예배로 하루를 시작하고 정기적인 종교교육을 의무화하였다. 이 법의 목적은 세속화로 인해 무너진 기독교 가치관과 도덕성 회복시 키는 것이었다. 1960년대 이후 이민자 증가로 인해 영국이 다문화, 다종 교 사회로 진입하였다. 그러나 다문화주의 이민자 통합정책과는 모순되 는 강력한 기독교 교육을 명시한 교육개혁법이 1988년에 통과되었다. 이를 통해 영국정부는 다문화 사회에서 모호해 지는 사회, 국가적 정체 성을 기독교 전통 속에서 찾고자 하였다.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the continuity of the Christian identity of Britain. In examining the 1944 and 1988 education acts it attempts to show the reasons as to why Britain has legislated for compulsory Christian education at school, confronted with secularism and multiculturalism. It also shows the recent relationship between religion and education in Britain. The 1944 Education act required that in all schools the day should begin with a collective act of worship and that all children should receive regular religious instruction. The main purpose of the act was to stem the tide of secularism, humanism and scientific materialism by a reassertion of the value of a Christian civilization and society. The established church accepted a significant reduction in the scale of its own direct influence over education for the purpose of the diffusion of Christian values and teaching throughout the education system. In 1988 the Conservative government passed an Education Reform Act. The Act reaffirmed and sought to clarify the clauses relating to religious education in the 1944 Act, reenforcing the Christian character of religious education. The 1988 Act was expressed not merely in terms of the historic predominance of Christianity within British society and culture, but also in terms of Britain still being essentially as ‘Christian nation.’ This was a resistance towards religious pluralism and multiculturalism. British governments have attempted to sustain its Christian identity through the religious education since the 19th century. Even Blair’s Labour government had a scheme to promote Christian education by increasing the number of faith schools.
참고문헌 (33)
- Hans Kohn, "The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background", pp.165~168 (1944)
- Linda Colley, "Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837", pp.11~369 (1992), New Haven and London
- John Wolffe, "God and Greater Britain: Religion and National Life in Britain and Ireland 1843-1945", pp.18~19 (1994)
- D. Jenkins, "The British: Their Identity and Their Religion" (1975)
- R. Hooker, "Belonging to Britain: Christianity Perspectives on Religion and Identity in a Plural Society" (1991)
- J. Wolffe, "‘And there’s another country...’: Religion, the State, and British Identitiesm in: The Growth of Religious Diversity: Britain from 1945" (1994)
- E. R. Wickham, "Church and People in an Industrial City" (1957)
- A. D. Gilbert, "The Making of Post-Christian Britain: A History of the Secularization of Modern Society", pp.42~ (1980)
- A. D. Gilbert, "Religion and Society in Industrial England" (1976)
- R. Currie, "Churches and Churchgoers: Patterns of Church Growth in the British Isles since 1700" (1977)
- Mark Smith, "Religion in Industrial Society: Oldham and Saddleworth, 1740-1865" (1994)
- Simon Green, "Religion in the Age of Decline" (1996)
- Sarah Williams, "Religious Belief and Popular Culture" (1999)
- C. G. Brown, "The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation, 1800-2000" (2000)
- Jeremy Morris, "The Strange Death of Christian Britain: Another Look at the Secularization Debate", Historical Journal, 46, pp.969~970 (2003)
- Barbara MacHaffie, "Old Testament criticism and the education of Victorian children, in: Scottish Christianity in the Modern World" (2000), Edinburgh
- T. D. Jenkins, "Religion in English Everyday Life: an Ethnographic Approach" (1999)
- G. Davie, "Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging" (1994)
- P. Weller, "Religious Diversity in the UK: Contours and Issues", pp.129~ (2008)
- E. Cox, "Reforming Religious Education: The Religious Clauses of the 1988 Education Act", pp.2~ (1989)
- Gerald Parsons, "There and Back Again? Religion and the 1944 and 1988 Education Acts, in: The Growth of Religious Diversity: Britain from 1945", pp.168~
- J. Hull, "Studies in Religion and Education", pp.76~ (1984), Falmer Press
- W. Earl, "The 1944 Education Act-forty years on", British Journal of Religious Education, 6, pp.90~ (1984)
- H. Loukes, "Teenage Religion" (1961)
- H. Loukes, "New Ground in Christian Education" (1965)
- R. J. Goldman, "Religious Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence" (1964)
- R. J. Goldman, "Readiness for Religion" (1965)
- R. Acland, "We Teach them Wrong" (1963)
- R. Acland, "Curriculum or Life" (1966)
- Lord Swann, "‘Education for All’: A Summary of the Swann Report on the Education of Ethnic Minority Children" (1985)
- 정희라, "영국의 자유방임식 다문화주의 ― 영국적 전통과 이민자 통합 ―", 이화사학연구, (35), pp.1~27 (2007), 이화사학연구소
- F. Hughes, "What Do You Mean-Christian Education?", pp.90~91 (1992)
- "Religious Education-a Story of Under-Provision", British Journal of Religious Education, 16, pp.130~132 (1994)