コーパスに基づく上代語の叙法副詞の使用実態

Abstract

This paper analyzes the all types of adverbs by era and genre of materials in the old Japanese (Nara period), and the usage distribution of predicate adverbs. Previous studies have investigated adverbialization of individual words and the tendency to use adverbs with the same subcategory, but there is insufficient quantitative research into the types of adverbs by period and the proportion of adverbs used. In the case study, the data was collected 200 words including context(the senmyo “Shoku Nihongi”, the norito “Engishiki” and the uta “Man’yoshu”) using the Nara period edition of the Corpus of Historical Japanese (CHJ). As a result of the research, focusing on modality adverbs, there were 27 predicate adverbs(aze(あぜ), atakamo(恰も), ani(豈), ube(宜), ubenauneba(宜な宜な), uremuzo(うれむぞ), e(え), kaerabani(かえらばに)・kaeramani(かえらまに), kanarazu(必ず), kedashi(蓋し), kedashiku(蓋しく), do(同), tatoi(仮令), na(な), nazo(なぞ), nado(など), naniyue(何故), hata(将), moshi(若し), yume(ゆめ), yoshi(縦し), yoshie(縦しえ), yoshieyashi(縦しえやし), yoni(世に), 4 focusing adverbs (tada(唯), tadashiku(但しく), mazu(先ず), mottomo(最も)) and 3 evaluative adverbs (atara(あたら), ayani(奇に), yoroshinae(宜しなえ)), which accounted for approximately 18% of total adverbs in the Nara period. Based on this research, it is necessary to analyze the usage distribution of modal adverbs since the Heian period and elucidate the overall flow of the usage of predicate adverbs in the history of the Japanese language.