법인지방소득세의 세율결정권이 지역경제성장에 미치는 영향
Local Business Tax Autonomy and Regional Economic Growth
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본 논문은 법인지방소득세의 세율결정권이 지방경제성장과 경제력 격차에 미치는 영향을 이론모형과 수치분석을 통해 규명하고 현재 우리나라에 주는 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 상대적으로 집적경제규모가 큰 지역의 기업들은 그만큼 더 높은 이윤을 기대할 수 있다. 이러한 집적지대의 존재로 인해 지방정부는 서로 다른 세율로 법인지방소득세를 부과할 수 있게 된다. 다른 조건들이 동일하다면 집적경제규모가 상대적으로 큰 지역으로 자본이 유입되고 이러한 집적경제라는 구심력이 지역간 세율인하 경쟁압박을 완화하거나 제거해주기 때문에 조세수출의 유인을 지닌 지방정부는 지방세율을 인상할 수 있게 된다. 아울러 지역특성을 반영한 법인지방소득세율의 차이는 특정 지역으로의 자본집중을 완화할 수 있는 길이기도 하다. 이러한 기재를 통해 본 논문은 현재 실질적으로 동일한 수준에서 고정된 법인지방소득세율이 지역간 사적자본의 분포를 가장 불균등하게 만들어 지역간 경제력 격차를 더욱 확대하는 역할을 하고 있음을 보였다.
Abstract
In this paper we followed a theoretical and numerical approach to analyze the outcomes generated by four different local business tax systems in terms of a local government’s tax policy objective. Analytically identifying the Nash equilibrium and its major features, we carried out numerical exercise to compare and contrast the quantitative results across the systems. We found that Korea’s current system leads to the most unequal distribution of mobile capital assets and businesses across the regions. This study can be seen as yet another argument for allowing local governments to be responsible for their local tax policy in a time when the central government tries to improve the economic welfare of the relatively under-developed regions in the country.
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