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아동의 피암시성에 영향을 미치는 개인차 요인에 관한 서술적 고찰 연구

A Narrative Study of Exploring Individual Differences Factors Affecting Children’s Suggestibility

이승진
한국과학수사학회 (The Korean Academy of Scientific Criminal Investigation)|2021.03|과학수사학회지 (Journal of Science Criminal Investigation)|제15권 제1호|pp. 33-53|DOI 10.20297/jsci.2021.15.1.33

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키워드

Individual differencesSuggestibilityInvestigative interviewChild MemoryNarrative Review

초록

사법적 맥락에서 아동이 암시에 얼마나 취약할 수 있는가는 발달 심리학 및 법심리학의 주요 연구주제이다. 특히, 미취학 아동을 대상으로 학대나 방임 사건 등과 관련하여 조사 면담을 진행하는 수사관에게 필요한 지식이다. 일반적으로 나이가 어릴수록 성인 대비 암시에 취약할 수 있으나 연령만으로 피암시성을 예단하기 어렵다. 미취학 아동 가운데 작은 암시에도 취약하게 반응하는 아동이 있는 반면, 강력한암시에도 잘 저항하는 아동이 있기 때문이다. 따라서 아동의 어떤 특성이 피암시성과 관계가 있는지에 관한 통찰이 필요하다. 본 연구는 국내외 연구들을 토대로 아동 피암시성에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 인구통계학적, 인지적, 심리사회적 범주로 나누어 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 지적 장애가 있거나 언어 능력이 미숙한 아동은 암시에 취약한 경향이 존재하였다. 한편, 아동의 기억력, 마음이론, 실행기능, 기질 및 사회적 능력과 같은 요인은 피암시성에 미치는 영향이 적었다. 반면, 스트레스, 정신 건강 상태, 부모의 정교한 대화양상, 혐오적 경험이나 학대 여부와 같은 요인은 피암시성과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 향후 해당 요인에관한 심층 연구의 필요성이 제안되었다.

Abstract

The vulnerability of children because of underlying suggestions from a judicial context is a major research topic in developmental psychology and forensic psychology. It is also a particularly necessary knowledge for investigators who conduct investigative interviews on abuse or neglect cases in preschool children. In general, vulnerability to underlying suggestions may worsen with younger age compared to adults. However, it is difficult to determine the level of suggestibility by age alone. This is because some preschoolers are very vulnerable to mildly underlying suggestions, while others of the same age group show resistance to strong suggestions. Therefore, insight is necessary to identify the traits of infants associated with suggestibility. Accordingly, this study examined the factors affecting suggestibility in children in different demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial categories, based on psychological studies published in the Republic of Korea and overseas. The results of this study demonstrated that children with intellectual disabilities or poor language skills tend to be vulnerable to underlying suggestions. Conversely, factors such as memory, mind theory, executive function, temperament, and social ability of children had minimal impact on suggestibility. However, factors such as stress levels, mental health status, elaborate conversation patterns of parents, aversive experiences, or abuse were found to have significant relationships with suggestibility, and therefore the study emphasized the need for further follow-up research on these factors.

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