การวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบคำว่า “ให้”ในภาษาไทยและ 주다 ในภาษาเกาหลี

Abstract

Thai /haj/ is a multi‐function word that has diverse functions according to syntactic distribution. Accordingly, the usage of /haj/ is difficult for foreign learners to learn. When Thai /haj/ functions as double object verb or auxiliary verb, it corresponds to Korean ‘주다.’ In this research, a comparative analysis was conducted on how Thai /haj/ corresponds to Korean ‘주다.’ The results of the analysis are as follows. When Thai /haj/ functions as the double object verb, the order of the words appears as subject + double object verb + direct object + indirect object, and the preposition can come before the indirect object. When Korean ‘주다’ is used as the double object verb, the order of the words appears as subject + indirect object + direct object + double object verb, and the inversion of sentence elements is relatively unrestricted. In the case of the Korean language, the case particle suitable to sentence elements should be used. When Thai /haj/ functions as the auxiliary verb, it appears in the position similar to that of some prepositions, so it sometimes is analyzed as the preposition, but this research examined the syntactic characteristics of /haj/ sentence structure and clarified that it functions as the auxiliary verb representing the meaning of benefit or service. Korean ‘주다’ that corresponds to this has the form of being connected to the main verb by ‘아/어.’ In the Thai language, the noun phrase that comes after /haj/ becomes the beneficiary, and in the Korean language, the direct object or the indirect object becomes the beneficiary. When the noun clause other than the noun phrase appears after the auxiliary verb /haj/ while having the sentence structure similar to Thai /haj/ auxiliary verb sentence structure, /haj/ functions as the conjunction leading the adverbial clause and it corresponds to Korean adverbial element ‘게.’Through this research, considerable similarities and differences in the sentence structure of Thai /haj/ and Korean ‘주다,’ were able to be clarified. The results of this research are expected to be of considerable help to both Korean learners studying the Thai language and Thai learners studying the Korean language.