3,000 m 저압·저산소 환경에서 6주간의 고강도 유산소성 지속주 및 무산소성 인터벌 트레이닝이 수영선수의 유산소성 및 무산소성 운동능력에 미치는 영향
The Effect of High-Intensity Aerobic Continuous and Anaerobic Interval Training at 3,000 m Hypobaric Hypoxic Condition for Six-weeks on Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in Competitive Swimmers
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[목적] 본 연구는 실업수영선수를 대상으로 3,000 m 상당고도의 저압·저산소 환경에서 6주간의 간헐적인 트레이닝이 유산소성 및 무산소성 운동능력에 미치는 효율성을 검토하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. [방법] 연구를 수행하기 위해 실업수영선수 20명을 평지환경에서 트레이닝을 수행하는 INT(intermittent normoxic training) 그룹 10명과 IHT(intermittent hypoxic training) 그룹 10명으로 나눈 후 각자의 환경조건에서 6주간, 주 3회, 1시간 동안 80%HRmax(maximal heart rate)에 해당되는 유산소성 지속주 트레이닝 운동(30분)과 90%HRmax에 해당되는 강도로 무산소성 인터벌 자전거 운동(총 10회; 2분 운동과 1분 휴식으로 구성) 30분을 수행하였다. [결과] 그 결과, 유산소성 운동능력의 경우, PWC at 75%HRmax, estimated VO2max, exercise time에 있어서 IHT 그룹에서만 트레이닝에 의한 유의한 증가가 나타났으며, estimated VO2 at 75%HRmax는 INT와 IHT 그룹 모두에서 트레이닝에 의한 유의한 증가가 나타났으나, 증가율은 IHT 그룹에서 보다 큰 경향을 보였다. 무산소성 운동능력에서는 경우에는 PK-AnP(peak anaerobic power)와 FI(fatigue index)에서 IHT 그룹에서만 트레이닝에 의한 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 윈게이트 테스트 직후 혈중젖산농도의 경우, IHT 그룹에서 트레이닝에 의한 유의한 증가가 나타났으며, 트레이닝 후에 INT 그룹과 비교했을 때, IHT 그룹에서 더 낮은 값을 나타냈다. [결론] 본 연구에서는 이러한 유산소성 및 무산소성 운동능력 향상의 해석을 뒷받침할 수 있는 다양한 종속변인의 측정이 이루어지지 않았지만, 이러한 결과는 단거리부터 장거리까지 다양한 경기에 출전하여 유·무산소성 운동능력이 모두 중요한 수영선수에게 있어 간헐적으로 훈련을 실시하는 IHT 방법이 경기력 향상에 있어서 효율적일 수 있다는 것을 보여준다고 사료된다.
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of six-weeks intermittent hypoxic training at 3,000 m hypobaric hypoxic condition on aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity in competitive swimmers. [Methods] South Korean swimmers (n=20) were randomly assigned into training at sea-level (n=10, intermittent normoxic training group; INT) and training at 526 torr corresponding to 3,000 m hypobaric hypoxic condition (n=10, intermittent hypoxic training group; IHT). The participants completed an aerobic continuous treadmill training (30 min) within 80%HRmax and anaerobic interval bicycle training (10 times; 2 min of exercise and 1 min of rest) for 30min within 90%HRmax in each environment. We compared their aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity before and after six-weeks of training. Exercise frequency was 1 hour, 3 days per a week, and during 6 week. [Results] In aerobic exercise capacity, PWC at 75%HRmax, estimated VO2max, and exercise time were increased by training in only the IHT group. Estimated VO2 at 75%HRmax was increased by training in both groups, but presented a larger increase tendency in the IHT group compared with the INT group. In anaerobic exercise capacity, peak anaerobic power and fatigue index were increased by training in only the IHT group. Blood lactate level after wingate test were decreased by training in both groups, but the IHT group have a lower blood lactate level in after training compared with the INT group. [Conclusion] In our study, we did not measure to various dependent variables for support to enhancement of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. However, these results showed that the IHT method may be effective in improvement of exercise performance in competitive swimmers who participates in a variety of events from short to long distance.
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