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젖산의 이해

Understanding of Lactate

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국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2017.03|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제28권 제1호|pp. 1-10|DOI 10.24985/kjss.2017.28.1.1

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참고문헌

키워드

운동Exercise젖산Metabolism대사Lactate젖산 셔틀Lactate Shuttle
주제분류체육

초록

과거에 젖산은 산소 부족으로 인해 근육과 혈액에 축적되어 조직을 손상시키며 피로를 유발한다고 알려져 왔다. 또한, 생성된 젖산은 운동 후 회복기에 글라이코젠 재합성을 위한 초과 산소 소비(산소 부채, oxygen debt)의 원인이 된다고 알려져 왔다. 하지만, 동물과 사람을 대상으로 한 선행연구를 통해 젖산이 휴식과 운동 중에 에너지 요구량이 증가할 때, 적절히 에너지를 공급하여 세포 내 ATP의 농도를 정상 수치로 일정하게 유지시키는 중요한 대사물질이라는 것을 알게 되었다. 젖산은 생성된 세포 내에서 이용(세포 내 젖산 셔틀, intracellular lactate shuttle)되거나 세포간질 또는 혈관을 통해 멀리 떨어진 다른 세포로 전달되어 이용(세포 간 젖산 셔틀, cell-cell lactate shuttle)된다. 이러한 젖산 셔틀(lactate shuttle)을 통해 알 수 있듯이 젖산은 휴식과 운동 중, 운동 후 회복 시에 해당작용과 산화적 인산화 과정을 연결하는 중간 매개물질이며 글루코스 신생합성의 전구체이다. 따라서 본 연구는 휴식과 운동 중에 젖산의 생리적 기능 변화 과정과 세포 간, 세포 내 젖산 셔틀, 젖산의 임상적 활용에 대한 선행 연구를 고찰함으로써 젖산대사에 대한 최신 지견을 파악하고 그 이해도를 높이는데 그 목적이 있다.

Abstract

Lactate was considered a dead-end waste product of glycolysis due to lack of oxygen. Accumulating lactate in the muscle and blood was viewed only as a major cause of muscle fatigue and tissue damage. Furthermore, buildup of lactate due to glycogen re-synthesis is thought to cause excess oxygen consumption (oxygen debt) after exercise. However, research has also shown lactate to be an important mediator in numerous metabolic processes and a fuel for aerobic metabolism. Lactate is not metabolic waste, but a major player in cellular and whole body metabolism. Lactate can be used within the cell (intracellular lactate shuttle) or be transported through the cytoplasm or blood to be used by other cells (cell-cell lactate shuttle). Lactate shuttle hypothesis has helped in identifying and understanding the link between the glyoclyic and oxidative pathways, and identified lactate as a major energy source and gluconeogenic precursor. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to better understand the physiological roles of lactate at rest and during exercise, and the concept of lactate shuttle with implications for clinical practice.

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