한국 특수학교 체육과 장애인 체육환경 시대별 변화과정 탐색
Historical exploration of the Korean special school physical education and the disability sports environment
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[목적] 본 연구는 특수학교의 체육교과 변천과정을 살펴본 후, 시대별 장애인 체육환경이 어떻게 변화해왔는지에 대한 과정을 심층적으로 파악하는 것이다. [방법] 연구방법은 논문, 기관 보고서, 신문을 분석하는 문헌연구를 하였다. 구체적 과정은 장애인체육 자료 검증을 위해 장애인체육 전문가 및 역사학자를 통해 연구주제와 수집 자료의 연관성 여부를 확인하였다. [결론] 첫째, 특수학교의 체육 운영의 과정은 다음과 같다. 1940~50년대 특수학교는 체육은 단순히 체조 중심으로 시행되었으나, 1960년대 이르러 장애인 특성별로 학교가 분화되고 체육도 제도적 기반을 조성했으나 일반인 체육 운영을 모방한 수준이었다. 1970~80년대 특수학교는 교과 수 증가 및 장애 극복 프로그램 강화에 따라 체육 시간이 축소되었다. 1990년대 들어서 특수체육 교과가 신설됨에 따라 맞춤식 장애학생 운동처방이 시행된다. 둘째, 장애인체육 운영 변화과정은 다음과 같다. 1960~70년대 장애인체육은 특수학교 중심의 체육활동이 주류였던 것에 반하여 1980년대 장애인체육은 정부 주도로 범위가 확대된다. 특히, 88 서울올림픽과 서울패럴림픽 개최는 장애인체육의 제도, 조직, 시설을 갖추는 계기를 마련한다. 1990년대 장애인체육은 학문적 발전 성과를 보였다는 점에서 의미를 보였으며 2000년대의 장애인체육은 1980년대의 양적 성장과 1990년대의 학문적 토대를 바탕으로 법적 토대 구축은 물론 장애인의 복지 여건의 개선을 이루게 된다. 위의 내용을 참고하여 미래에는 장애인을 위한 체육의 가치를 보다 합리적으로 해결할 방안을 모색해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This study examines the Physical Education curriculum history of special schools, and then in-depth grasps the process of how the sports environment for the disabled has changed by age. [Method] The research method was literature review analyzing papers, reports and newspapers. For the concrete process, this study verified the relationship between the research subject and the collected data through experts and historians with disabilities to verify the sports data for the disabled. [Results] First, the process of physical education management of special schools is as follows. in the 1940's and 50's special schools, physical education was carried out simply by gymnastics. but, special schools were differentiated by the characteristics of the disabled, and the institutional foundation for physical education was also imitated by the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, special schools were shortened in physical education time due to the increase in the number of courses and the strengthening of disability coping programs. in the 1990s, as special sports curriculum was established, customized prescription for students with disabilities was implemented. Second, the process of changing disability sports is as follows. In the 1960s and 1970s, disability sports were mainly focused on special schools, while in the 1980s, disability sports were expanded by the government. in particular, the hosting of the 88 Seoul Olympics and Seoul Paralympics provides an opportunity to equip the disabled with a system, organization and facilities. in the 1990s disability sports was meaningful in terms of academic progress, and with the quantitative growth of the 1980s and the academic foundations of the 1990s, disability sports in the 2000s provided a legal basis and improved welfare conditions for the disabled. In the future, it is necessary to find a way to solve the value of physical education for the disabled more reasonably.
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