가속도계로 측정된 한국 성인의 신체활동: 제6기 국민건강영양조사 가속도계 자료 분석
Physical activity in South Korea measured by accelerometer: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI 2014-2015
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[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 가속도계로 측정된 중-고강도 신체활동 및 좌식행동을 분석하고, 동일인의 자기 보고식 설문 결과로 나타난 신체활동 수준과 지침 충족률을 비교하는 데 있다. [방법] 2014-2015 국민건강영양조사의 참가자 중 가속도계 착용에 동의한 1,417명의 하루 평균 좌식시간 및 중-고강도 신체활동 시간, 그리고 신체활동 지침 충족률을 연령과 성별에 따라 분석하였다. 또한, 자기 보고식 설문지와의 연관성을 확인하기 위해, 동일인의 신체활동 설문의 결과를 산출하여 Chi-square test 및 상관분석을 실시하였다. [결과] 첫째, 1분 이상 모든 신체활동을 포함한 가속도계(accelerometer-total; AT)의 하루 평균 중-고강도 신체활동은 남성 40.6분 여성 31.1이었으며, 좌식시간은 남성 502.9분 여성 498.9분이었다. 지속된 10분 이상 가속도계(accelerometer-bout; AB)의 중-고강도 신체활동의 경우 남성 16.4분 여성 14.2분으로 나타났다. 반면 설문의 중-고강도 신체활동은 남성 95.8분 여성 64.3분, 좌식시간은 남성 471.2분 여성 455.2분으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체활동 지침 충족률은 설문지 55.6%, AT 56.1%, AB 21.4%로 나타났다. 셋째, 신체활동 강도에 따른 설문지와 가속도계의 상관계수는 모두 통계적으로 유의하였으나(p < 0.01), 약한 상관도를 보였다(rho = 0.112-0.351). 넷째, AB와 설문지의 신체활동 지침 충족률의 연관성은 없었으며(p < 0.01), 설문지의 민감도 71.3%, 특이도 48.6%, 양성예측도 27.5%, 음성예측도 86.1%였으며 정확도는 53.4%로 나타났다. [결론] 본 연구의 결과 설문은 가속도계에 비해 많은 신체활동 시간과 적은 좌식시간을 보고하였다. 또한, 설문과 가속도계의 신체활동 지침 충족률은 상이하였으며, AB 결과를 비교할 경우 그 차이가 크게 증가하였다. 그러므로 두 측정 도구를 상호 보완하여 사용할 수 있는 구체적인 방법에 관한 추가 연구가 필요할 것이다. 따라서 설문지와 가속도계의 신체활동 결과를 해석할 때는 큰 주의를 기울여야 하며, 서로 다른 두 측정 도구를 상호 보완하여 사용할 수 있는 구체적인 방법에 관한 추가 연구가 필요할 것이다.
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sedentary time measured by accelerometer. Furthermore, the level of physical activity and adherence rate of physical activity guideline(PAG) were compared with the self-reported questionnaire. [Methods] The MVPA, sedentary time, and adherence rate of PAG according to age and sex were examined to people who agreed to wear accelerometers among the participants of the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. To compare the relationship between accelerometer and self-reported questionnaire, Chi-squared test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. [Results] The MVPA of the accelerometer-total(AT) was 40.6 minutes/day for men and 31.1 minutes/day for women. Sedentary time was 502.9 minutes/day for men and 498.9 minutes/day for women. The MVPA of accelerometer-bout(AB) estimates was 16.4 minutes/day for men and 14.2 minutes for women. On the other hand, the MVPA of the self-report was 95.8 minutes for men and 64.3 minutes for women, and the sedentary time was 471.2 minutes for men and 455.2 minutes for women. The adherence rate of PAG was 55.6% of the self-report, 56.1% of the AT, and 21.4% of the AB. The correlation between self-report and accelerometer was statistically significant(p<0.01), but showed a weak correlation coefficient(rho=0.112-0.351). There was no association between AB and self-report(p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the self-report were 71.3% and 48.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the self-report were 27.5% and 86.1%, respectively. [Conclusions] As a result of this study, self-reported physical activity level by questionnaire had more MVPA and less sedentary time than the accelerometer-determined physical activity. In addition, the adherence rate of the PAG differed from accelerometer and self-report. The difference was significantly increased when comparing AB with the self-report. Therefore, great care must be taken when interpreting accelerometer and self-report questionnaire. Further research will be needed on specific methods that can be used by complementing the two measurement tools.
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