대체 보존제와 킬레이트제 간의 항균 시너지 효과에 대한 연구
A Study on the Antimicrobial Synergies of Alternative Preservatives and Chelating Agents
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
목적: 화장품은 보존제의 사용을 줄이기 위해서 피부 컨디셔닝제이면서 항균효과가 있는 대체 보존제를 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 화장품에서 대체 보존제로 사용되고 있는 1,2-hexanediol, ethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol을 대상으로 킬레이트제에 따른 항균 시너지 효과를 확인하였다. 방법: 그람 양성균, 그람 음성균 및 효모균에 대하여 항균력의 변화를 확인하고자 하였다. 단독으로 사용시 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)와 minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)를 확인하였고, 대체 보존제와 킬레이트제를 조합하여 checkerboard assay를 통해 시너지 효과를 확인하였다. 결과: MIC와 MBC 결과는 대체 보존제가 2% 이하의 농도에서 모든 균주(S.aureus, E.coli, C.albicans)에 대해 항균효과가 있음을 나타냈다. 킬레이트제는 S.aureus에서 disodium EDTA 0.06%, tetrasodium EDTA 0.03%로 뛰어난 MIC 결과를 보였고, tetrasodium EDTA 0.25%로 비교적 높은 MBC 결과를 나타내었다. Checkerboard assay 결과는 모든 균주에서 시너지 효과가 나타났으며, ethylhexylglycerin과 tetrasodium EDTA 조합이 ethylhexylglycerin 단독으로 사용할 때보다 2-25배 낮은 농도로 모든 균주를 제어하기에 용이하다고 판단되었다. 결론: 대체 보존제 3종과 킬레이트제 6종 조합의 항균 시너지 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 대체 보존제와 적절한 킬레이트제를 선택적으로 사용함으로써 대체 보존제 사용량을 감소시켜 피부자극 및 안정성 부분에 있어서 화장품 산업에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
Purpose: To minimize the use of preservatives in cosmetics, the cosmetic industry has attempted to use alternative preservatives that can function as skin conditioning agents and possess antimicrobial effects. In this study, the antimicrobial synergistic effects of 1,2-hexanediol, ethylhexylglycerin, and caprylyl glycol, which are used as alternative preservatives in cosmetics, with various chelating agents were investigated. Methods: Changes in the antimicrobial activity of the preservatives against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and yeast were examined. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of these agents when used alone were confirmed, and the synergistic effects were confirmed by combining alternative preservatives and chelating agents through a checkerboard assay. Results: The MIC and MBC results confirmed the antimicrobial effects exerted by the alternative preservatives on all strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans) at concentrations of ≤2%. The chelating agent exhibited excellent MIC results with 0.06% disodium EDTA and 0.03% tetrasodium EDTA in S.aureus and a relatively high MBC was observed with tetrasodium EDTA 0.25%. The checkerboard assay results demonstrated a synergistic effect against all strains, and the combination of ethylhexylglycerin and tetrasodium EDTA was determined to be easy to control all strains at concentrations that were 2–25 times lower than that of ethylhexylglycerin alone. Conclusion: Antimicrobial synergistic effects were confirmed for combinations of three alternative preservatives and six chelating agents. The selective use of alternative preservatives and appropriate chelating agents can reduce the amount of alternative preservatives used which could benefit the cosmetic industry in terms of reducing skin irritation and stability.
참고문헌 (22)
- Alvarez-Rivera G, "Analysis of Cosmetic Products", pp.175~224 (2018), Elsevier
- Bellio P, "New and simplified method for drug combination studies by checkerboard assay", MethodsX, 8, pp.101543~ (2021)
- Bonapace CR, "Comparison of methods of interpretation of checkerboard synergy testing", Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 44, pp.363~366 (2002)
- CLSI Document M07-A9: Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard, "Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI).", CLSI, 1~63 (2012)
- Darbre PD, "Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours", Journal of Applied Toxicology, 24, pp.5~13 (2004)
- Finnegan S, "EDTA : an anti-microbial and antibiofilm agent for use in wound care", Advances in Wound Care, 4, pp.415~421 (2015)
- Halla N, "Cosmetics preservation : a review on present strategies", Molecules, 23, pp.1571~ (2018)
- Jung SJ, "Examination and quantification of preservatives in cosmetics for children", Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 41, pp.219~227 (2015)
- Kim BR, "Correlation of cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of alkandiols and their impact on stability in emulsions", Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology, 22, pp.335~343 (2024)
- Lawan K, "Antimicrobial efficacy of caprylyl glycol and ethylhexylglycerine in emulsion", Journal Health Research, 23, pp.1~3 (2009)
- Lundov MD, "Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives", International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 33, pp.190~196 (2011)
- Matwiejczuk N, "Review of the safety of application of cosmetic products containing parabens", Journal of Applied Toxicology, 40, pp.176~210 (2020)
- Nowak K, "Controversy around parabens : alternative strategies for preservative use in cosmetics and personal care products", Environmental Research, 198, pp.110488~ (2021)
- Qiu DH, "In vitro inhibition of bacterial growth by iron chelators", FEMS Microbiology Letters, 314, pp.107~111 (2011)
- Shin KH, "Effects of polyols on antimicrobial and preservative efficacy in cosmetics", Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 33, pp.111~115 (2007)
- Siegert W, "Boosting the antimicrobial efficiency of multifunctional additives by chelating agents", SOFWInternational Journal for Applied Science, 140, pp.32~39 (2014)
- Sperandeo P, "Functional analysis of the protein machinery required for transport of lipopolysaccharide to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli", Journal of Bacteriology, 190, pp.4460~4469 (2008)
- Sun J, "Physical properties of the bacterial outer membrane", Nature Reviews. Microbiology, 20, pp.236~248 (2022)
- Varvaresou A, "Self-preserving cosmetics", International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 31, pp.163~175 (2009)
- Wilbur J, "Safety assessment of 1, 2-glycols as used in cosmetics", International Journal of Toxicology, 31, pp.147~168 (2012)
- Yogiara, "Food-grade antimicrobials potentiate the antibacterial activity of 1, 2-hexanediol", Letters in Applied Microbiology, 60, pp.431~439 (2015)
- Ziosi P, "caprylyl glycol", phenethyl alcohol blend for alternative preservation of cosmetic, 2013, pp.128, 538~549