청도 거주 조선족의 언어 능력과 언어 태도

Abstract

In recent years, Qingdao has become the emerging locality of Korean-Chinese people. This paper researches the linguistic competence and linguistic attitudes of Korean-Chinese people living in Qingdao. The data information in this paper is derived from the survey that was done during May 2010 to August 2010. Participants of the survey are Korean-Chinese people living in Qingdao. During the process of this survey, 500 questionnaires were sent and 405 available questionnaires were taken back. By analyzing the linguistic competence and linguistic attitudes of Korean-Chinese people in Qingdao, we can discover some phenomena. In the linguistic competence aspect: First, in general, Korean-Chinese people in Qingdao have a higher rate of 'Joseonmal'(the Korean language used by Korean-Chinese people in China) maintenance, and their level of Chinese is comparable to their level of Joseonmal. Second, according to the comparison of different linguistic competence, it has been discovered that they have the highest ability of Joseonmal oral expression, but their comprehensive ability of Joseonmal is the lowest. In the aspects of oral expression and writing, Korean-Chinese people have higher Joseonmal ability than Chinese ability; while they have higher Chinese ability in reading than Korean national minority language ability. Third, by comparing language ability of Korean-Chinese people born in different places, it has been discovered that people who were born in Liaoning province have higher Chinese ability, while people who were born in Yanbian have higher Joseonmal ability. In the linguistic attitudes aspect: First, most of Korean-Chinese people in Qingdao have positive attitudes towards Joseonmal. Second, according to the analysis of Korean-Chinese people in different age groups, it can be found that young generation likes Chinese more than Joseonmal, while the parent generation likes Joseonmal more than Chinese. Third, when answering which language do they hope they and their family members are good at, most of them hope that they themselves and their children can be good at Chinese, and most of the respondents hope that their mates can do well in Joseonmal. Fourth, in the aspect of the mainstream speech in Korean-Chinese society in the future, most of the respondents hope it will be Joseonmal. However, most of the respondents think it will be the South Korean language which will become the mainstream speech in Korean-Chinese society. The result above is different according to different ages and different periods of time they live in Qingdao.