양태부사 ‘잘’과 한국어 중간태 구문 - 일본어·터키어와의 비교를 중심으로
A relation between the manner adverb ‘jal’ and Korean middle voice phrases: focusing on a comparison with Japanese and Turkish.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate Korean middle voice sentences by analyzing their morphological, syntactic and semantic features, as well as relations with the manner adverb ‘jal’. These sentences appear to look the same on the surface, but their deep structure can be divided into three categories. The first category is the type in which the direct object of the corresponding active voice is promoted to the subject of the middle voice. The second category is the instrument of the corresponding active voice doing so. The third category is the type in which the verb can take only one or two objects. In these sentences, the adverb ‘jal’ has a large effect on the grammar of the sentence. In the theme-promoted sentences, the insertion of ‘jal’ makes the sentence natural. In the instrument-promoted sentences, the sentences become ungrammatical unless ‘jal’ is inserted. In addition, the typological commonalities of manner adverbs are seen by comparing Japanese and Turkish phrases. The impact of the manner adverb on middle voice phrases is the largest in Turkish, followed by Korean and then Japanese. On the other hand, the Korean negation particle ‘an’, just like ‘jal’, is also used with middle voice phrases. A sentence is the most natural when the two are used together.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate Korean middle voice sentences by analyzing their morphological, syntactic and semantic features, as well as relations with the manner adverb ‘jal’. These sentences appear to look the same on the surface, but their deep structure can be divided into three categories. The first category is the type in which the direct object of the corresponding active voice is promoted to the subject of the middle voice. The second category is the instrument of the corresponding active voice doing so. The third category is the type in which the verb can take only one or two objects. In these sentences, the adverb ‘jal’ has a large effect on the grammar of the sentence. In the theme-promoted sentences, the insertion of ‘jal’ makes the sentence natural. In the instrument-promoted sentences, the sentences become ungrammatical unless ‘jal’ is inserted. In addition, the typological commonalities of manner adverbs are seen by comparing Japanese and Turkish phrases. The impact of the manner adverb on middle voice phrases is the largest in Turkish, followed by Korean and then Japanese. On the other hand, the Korean negation particle ‘an’, just like ‘jal’, is also used with middle voice phrases. A sentence is the most natural when the two are used together.
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