受身文の日・韓対照分析
A Comparative Analysis of Passive Sentences in Japanese and Korean
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초록
この論文では、日本語と韓国語の受身文を対象に、対照言語学的分析を行った。類型論的に類似した特徴を 共有しながらも、文法形式の文法化の様相という点では相違点が目立つ両言語であるがゆえに、対照言語学 的観点からの分析は両言語への示唆点が多い。非常に文法化の進んだ形式の日本語の受身文とは対照的に、 多様な形式で多様な意味の受身を表す韓国語の各受身文の成立要因を探り、形式と意味の対応関係と各意味 類型の特徴について分析した。 詳しくは、文成分では、主語の意味素性で有生性と主語とヲ格補語の間の所有性と動詞の種類−漢語動詞で あるか一般動詞であるかーを取り上げ、どの受身のタイプと対応するかについて考察した。なお、受身文の意 味と受身文類型の比較分析では、対照的な観点から取り上げるべきこととして、韓国語の所有者受身文と被 害受身文に関して考察した。また、日本語におけるモノ主語受身文と自動詞文との類似性に関して考察した。
Abstract
This paper is a comparative analysis of passive sentences in Japanese and Korean. Those two languages are typologically each other but remarkably different in terms of grammaticalization. Japanese passive sentences have an advanced form of grammaticalization. In contrast, when it comes to Korean, it has a lot of forms to represent various meanings while leaving lexical aspects. Above all, this paper suggests requirements for establishment of each Korean passive sentences and analyzes features of each meaning types. It describes constituents of a sentence in detail. To be more specific, it looks into animacy of subject, possession between subject and accusative, types of verb. This paper also ranges over from the contrastive linguistic point of view, firstly, Korean possessor passive sentences and damage passive sentences, and then, similarity among Japanese inanimate-subject-passive sentences and intransitive sentences. The following is relationship between types of Korean passive sentences and variety of factors.
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