중국피진영어(Chinese Pidgin English)의 문법론적 특성 -『英語集全』(1862)을 중심으로-
The Grammatical Characteristics of Chinese Pidgin English in the basis of The Chinese and English Instructor(1862).
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The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the grammatical characteristics of Chinese Pidgin English(CPE) based on The Chinese and English Instructor(1862), which was written in English, Cantonese and CPE in the 19th century. The Chinese and English Instructor was written by Tong Ting Kü, a trade businessman in Guangdong, and is an extant books consisting of six volumes. We examined the morphosyntactic characteristics of CPE based on the transcriptive data of Volume 6. First of all, CPE was strongly influenced by Cantonese. For instance, 'side, time, man' are combined with place nouns, time nouns, and job nouns respectively, and an interrogative pronoun structures presented such as ‘how fashion (how), what for(why), what thing(what)’. The classifier structure combined with a classifier 'piece', and the interrogative sentence 'V no V' are also influenced by Cantonese. Secondly, CPE was unstable or unstructured language due to the conflict between English and Cantonese grammar. The subjective of first-person pronouns was 'my', the objective of first-person pronouns was 'me', the second-person pronouns, 'you', and third-person pronouns, 'he'. Also the tense, aspect, modality categories such as 'can, must, have, have got, belong' were unstable, because it was mixed the function of modal verbs up with the copula. As for the sentence type of CPE, there were a declarative sentence, an interrogative sentence, and an imperative sentence. In particular, the imperative sentence tended to appear with 'make'. The negative sentence appeared only with the negative operator ‘no’. The word order of CPE was SVO, but the time adverbs and the interrogative pronouns were not restricted by place constraints.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the grammatical characteristics of Chinese Pidgin English(CPE) based on The Chinese and English Instructor(1862), which was written in English, Cantonese and CPE in the 19th century. The Chinese and English Instructor was written by Tong Ting Kü, a trade businessman in Guangdong, and is an extant books consisting of six volumes. We examined the morphosyntactic characteristics of CPE based on the transcriptive data of Volume 6. First of all, CPE was strongly influenced by Cantonese. For instance, 'side, time, man' are combined with place nouns, time nouns, and job nouns respectively, and an interrogative pronoun structures presented such as ‘how fashion (how), what for(why), what thing(what)’. The classifier structure combined with a classifier 'piece', and the interrogative sentence 'V no V' are also influenced by Cantonese. Secondly, CPE was unstable or unstructured language due to the conflict between English and Cantonese grammar. The subjective of first-person pronouns was 'my', the objective of first-person pronouns was 'me', the second-person pronouns, 'you', and third-person pronouns, 'he'. Also the tense, aspect, modality categories such as 'can, must, have, have got, belong' were unstable, because it was mixed the function of modal verbs up with the copula. As for the sentence type of CPE, there were a declarative sentence, an interrogative sentence, and an imperative sentence. In particular, the imperative sentence tended to appear with 'make'. The negative sentence appeared only with the negative operator ‘no’. The word order of CPE was SVO, but the time adverbs and the interrogative pronouns were not restricted by place constraints.
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