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자본구조 조정속도에 대한 자기자본평가효과

The Effect of Equity Valuation on Adjustment Speed of Capital Structure

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참고문헌

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 논문에서는 1981년부터 2012년까지 거래소 시장에 상장된 비금융기업을 대상으로 자기자본평가가 과대 및 과소 레버리지 상태에서 어떻게 다르게 자본조정 속도가 다른지를 실증검증 한다. 기존 많은 연구에서 과대 레버리지 상태에 있는 기업은 자기자본을 발행하거나 또는 부채를 상환할것이고, 이러한 기업들의 자기자본이 고 평가되어 있을 경우 보다 더 조정속도가 빠르게 나타난다는것을 제시하였다. 반면 자기자본이 저 평가되어 있고 부채를 줄여야 할 필요가 있을 경우 조정 속도는매우 느리게 나타난다는 것이다. 이러한 논리적 관계를 기초로 과대 및 과소 레버리지 상태에서일시적으로 시장에서 자기자본가치가 고 또는 저 평가되어 있을 경우 자본구조 조정속도가 다르게나타날 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 한국 기업을 대상으로 검증한 결과 첫째, Fama-French Target을기초로 시장에서 과대 레버리지 상태에서 자기자본이 고 평가되어 있을 경우 저 평가되어 있는 기업에비하여 조정속도가 빠르게 나타났으며 Blundell and Bond target을 사용하였어도 동일한 결과를제시하였다. 둘째, 현금흐름을 기초로 과대 및 과소 현금흐름 그룹으로 나누어 과대 레버리지에 있는기업이 자기자본의 고 평가 되어있을 때 저 평가되어 있을 때 보다 조정속도가 빠르게 나타났으며이러한 결과는 과대 현금흐름 그룹에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 시장에서자기자본 평가가 조정에 요구되는 비용을 변경시키는 중요한 결정요인으로서 역할을 한다는 증거가된다.

Abstract

We empirically investigate whether equity valuation(i.e., overvalued or undervalued based onMB) affects the speed at which firms adjust to their target leverage under over or under-leveredby using non-financial firms listed in KOSPI during period from 1981 to 2012. From theoreticallogic in prior studies, firms that are above their target debt ratio and should therefore issue equity,adjust more rapidly toward their target when their equity is overvalued. In contrast, when a firmis undervalued, but needs to reduce leverage, the speed of adjustment is much slower. Based onthese logic facts, we test and find as follows. First, we find that based on Fama-French target,firms that are over-levered with overvalued adjust back toward their targets more rapidly thanundervalued firms. We also find that these results are same as Blundell and Bond target’ result. Second, within the low cash flow group, over-levered and overvalued firms adjust more rapidlythan their undervalued firms. Within the high cash flow group, we find the same results. Thesefindings imply that these evidences support the role of equity valuation as an important factorthat alters the cost of making capital structure adjustments and the effect of equity valuation onadjustment speeds becomes even more important when the firm’s cash flow position is considered.

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